J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 Mar;22(3):165-74. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-165.
Acute and chronic infections and inflammation adjacent to the fingernail, or paronychia, are common. Paronychia typically develops following a breakdown in the barrier between the nail plate and the adjacent nail fold and is often caused by bacterial or fungal pathogens; however, noninfectious etiologies, such as chemical irritants, excessive moisture, systemic conditions, and medications, can cause nail changes. Abscesses associated with acute infections may spontaneously decompress or may require drainage and local wound care along with a short course of appropriate antibiotics. Chronic infections have a multifactorial etiology and can lead to nail changes, including thickening, ridging, and discoloration. Large, prospective studies are needed to identify the best treatment regimen for acute and chronic paronychia.
急性和慢性感染及炎症毗邻指甲，或甲沟炎，是常见的。甲沟炎通常是在指甲板和相邻的甲褶之间的屏障破裂后发展起来的，通常是由细菌或真菌病原体引起的;然而，非传染性病因，如化学刺激物、过度潮湿、全身性疾病和药物，也会导致指甲变化。与急性感染相关的脓肿可能会自发减压，也可能需要引流和局部伤口护理，并辅以短期适当的抗生素治疗。慢性感染的病因复杂，可导致指甲变化，包括增厚、脊状和变色。需要进行大型的前瞻性研究，以确定急性和慢性甲沟炎的最佳治疗方案。
