Marino Leslie A, Dixon Lisa B
aDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University bCenter for Practice Innovations, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014 May;27(3):210-5. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000058.
Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an effective intervention for helping people with severe mental illness obtain competitive employment, yet it has not been widely implemented. This review will examine and summarize the latest research on IPS.
As the effectiveness of IPS has been well established in the literature, newer research is exploring nonvocational outcomes, such as quality of life and mental health services utilization and expanding the reach of IPS to include different countries and different population groups. There is also a growing literature exploring the cost-effectiveness of IPS compared with traditional vocational services, which has favored IPS. By far, the area of research that has expanded the most is aimed at enhancing IPS outcomes, at both the intervention level and the client level. Researchers are exploring the variance in IPS outcomes as a means of increasing competitive employment rates with IPS.
Although the field of research continues to expand, it is clear that many barriers remain to broad implementation of IPS. The solution goes beyond further research and involves policies and practices that support a recovery oriented mental healthcare system.
个体安置与支持（IPS）是一种帮助重度精神疾病患者获得竞争性就业的有效干预措施，但尚未得到广泛实施。本综述将审视并总结关于IPS的最新研究。
由于IPS的有效性在文献中已得到充分证实，较新的研究正在探索非职业性结果，如生活质量和心理健康服务利用情况，并将IPS的覆盖范围扩大到不同国家和不同人群。也有越来越多的文献探讨IPS与传统职业服务相比的成本效益，结果更倾向于IPS。到目前为止，扩展最多的研究领域旨在提高IPS在干预层面和客户层面的效果。研究人员正在探索IPS结果的差异，以此作为提高IPS竞争性就业率的一种手段。
尽管研究领域在不断扩大，但显然IPS广泛实施仍存在许多障碍。解决方案不仅需要进一步研究，还涉及支持以康复为导向的精神卫生保健系统的政策和实践。
