Stöttinger Elisabeth, Filipowicz Alex, Marandi Elahe, Quehl Nadine, Danckert James, Anderson Britt
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada,
Exp Brain Res. 2014 Jun;232(6):1971-87. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3887-z. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
It has been hypothesized that many of the cognitive impairments commonly seen after right brain damage (RBD) can be characterized as a failure to build or update mental models. We (Danckert et al. in Neglect as a disorder of representational updating. NOVA Open Access, New York, 2012a; Cereb Cortex 22:2745-2760, 2012b) were the first to directly assess the association between RBD and updating and found that RBD patients were unable to exploit a strongly biased play strategy in their opponent in the children's game rock, paper, scissors. Given that this game required many other cognitive capacities (i.e., working memory, sustained attention, reward processing), RBD patients could have failed this task for various reasons other than a failure to update. To assess the generality of updating deficits after RBD, we had RBD, left brain-damaged (LBD) patients and healthy controls (HCs) describe line drawings that evolved gradually from one figure (e.g., rabbit) to another (e.g., duck) in addition to the RPS updating task. RBD patients took significantly longer to alter their perceptual report from the initial object to the final object than did LBD patients and HCs. Although both patient groups performed poorly on the RPS task, only the RBD patients showed a significant correlation between the two, very different, updating tasks. We suggest these data indicate a general deficiency in the ability to update mental representations following RBD.
有假设认为，右脑损伤（RBD）后常见的许多认知障碍可被描述为无法构建或更新心理模型。我们（Danckert等人，《忽视作为表征更新障碍》，NOVA开放获取出版社，纽约，2012a；《大脑皮层》22:2745 - 2760，2012b）是首个直接评估RBD与更新之间关联的研究团队，发现RBD患者在儿童游戏“石头、剪刀、布”中无法利用对手的强烈偏向策略。鉴于此游戏需要许多其他认知能力（即工作记忆、持续注意力、奖励处理），RBD患者未能完成此任务可能有多种原因，而非仅仅是无法更新。为评估RBD后更新缺陷的普遍性，除了“石头、剪刀、布”更新任务外，我们还让RBD患者、左脑损伤（LBD）患者和健康对照者（HCs）描述从一个图形（如兔子）逐渐演变为另一个图形（如鸭子）的线条图。与LBD患者和HCs相比，RBD患者从初始物体到最终物体改变其感知报告的时间要长得多。尽管两组患者在“石头、剪刀、布”任务中表现都不佳，但只有RBD患者在这两个非常不同的更新任务之间显示出显著相关性。我们认为这些数据表明RBD后更新心理表征的能力普遍存在缺陷。
