Cestari Tania Ferreira, Dantas Lia Pinheiro, Boza Juliana Catucci
Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Internal Medicine Department, Porto Alegre(RS), Brazil, PhD - Associate Professor at the Internal Medicine Department, at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Teaching Professor at the Child and Adolescent Health Sciences and the Surgical Post-Graduation Programs at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Chief of the Dermatology Department at Porto Alegre Clinics Hospital - Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (HCPA-UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Medical Sciences Post Graduation program, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil, MD, Dermatologist, MSc (in course) at the Medical Sciences Post Graduation program at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Jan-Feb;89(1):11-25. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142353.
Cutaneous hyperpigmentations are frequent complaints, motivating around 8.5% of all dermatological consultations in our country. They can be congenital, with different patterns of inheritance, or acquired in consequence of skin problems, systemic diseases or secondary to environmental factors. The vast majority of them are linked to alterations on the pigment melanin, induced by different mechanisms. This review will focus on the major acquired hyperpigmentations associated with increased melanin, reviewing their mechanisms of action and possible preventive measures. Particularly prominent aspects of diagnosis and therapy will be emphasized, with focus on melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, periorbital pigmentation, dermatosis papulosa nigra, phytophotodermatoses, flagellate dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, cervical poikiloderma (Poikiloderma of Civatte), acanthosis nigricans, cutaneous amyloidosis and reticulated confluent dermatitis.
皮肤色素沉着是常见的主诉，在我国约占所有皮肤科门诊量的8.5%。它们可以是先天性的，具有不同的遗传模式，也可以是由于皮肤问题、全身性疾病或环境因素继发而获得性的。其中绝大多数与色素黑素的改变有关，由不同机制诱导产生。本综述将聚焦于与黑素增加相关的主要获得性色素沉着，回顾其作用机制和可能的预防措施。将重点强调诊断和治疗的突出方面，重点关注黄褐斑、炎症后色素沉着、眶周色素沉着、黑色丘疹性皮病、植物日光性皮炎、鞭毛虫皮炎、持久性色素异常性红斑、颈部皮肤异色症（西瓦特皮肤异色症）、黑棘皮病、皮肤淀粉样变和网状融合性皮炎。
