Sarangapani Krishna K, Asbury Charles L
Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Trends Genet. 2014 Apr;30(4):150-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Sport fishermen keep tension on their lines to prevent hooked fish from releasing. A molecular version of this angler's trick, operating at kinetochores, ensures accuracy during mitosis: the mitotic spindle attaches randomly to chromosomes and then correctly bioriented attachments are stabilized due to the tension exerted on them by opposing microtubules. Incorrect attachments, which lack tension, are unstable and release quickly, allowing another chance for biorientation. Stabilization of molecular interactions by tension also occurs in other physiological contexts, such as cell adhesion, motility, hemostasis, and tissue morphogenesis. Here, we review models for the stabilization of kinetochore attachments with an eye toward emerging models for other force-activated systems. Although attention in the mitosis field has focused mainly on one kinase-based mechanism, multiple mechanisms may act together to stabilize properly bioriented kinetochores and some principles governing other tension-sensitive systems may also apply to kinetochores.
钓鱼爱好者会保持鱼线的张力，以防止上钩的鱼逃脱。在动粒上起作用的这种钓鱼技巧的分子版本，确保了有丝分裂期间的准确性：有丝分裂纺锤体随机附着在染色体上，然后由于相反微管施加在其上的张力，正确的双定向附着得以稳定。缺乏张力的错误附着是不稳定的，会迅速释放，从而为双定向提供另一次机会。张力对分子相互作用的稳定作用也发生在其他生理环境中，如细胞黏附、运动、止血和组织形态发生。在这里，我们着眼于其他力激活系统的新兴模型，回顾动粒附着稳定的模型。尽管有丝分裂领域的注意力主要集中在一种基于激酶的机制上，但多种机制可能共同作用以稳定正确双定向的动粒，并且一些支配其他张力敏感系统的原则也可能适用于动粒。
