Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Exp Cell Res. 2012 Jul 15;318(12):1361-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.04.008. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
During mitosis, kinetochores couple chromosomes to the dynamic tips of spindle microtubules. These attachments convert chemical energy stored in the microtubule lattice into mechanical energy, generating force to move chromosomes. In addition to mediating robust microtubule attachments, kinetochores also integrate and respond to regulatory signals that ensure the accuracy of chromosome segregation during each cell division. Signals for corrective detachment act specifically on kinetochore-microtubule attachments that fail to generate normal levels of tension, although it is unclear how tension is sensed and how the attachments are released. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which kinetochore-microtubule attachments generate force during chromosome biorientation, and the pathways of maturation and regulation that lead to the formation of correct attachments.
在有丝分裂过程中，动粒将染色体与纺锤体微管的动态尖端连接起来。这些连接将微管晶格中储存的化学能转化为机械能，产生移动染色体的力。除了介导强大的微管连接外，动粒还整合并响应调节信号，以确保在每次细胞分裂中染色体分离的准确性。用于纠正脱离的信号专门作用于未能产生正常张力水平的动粒微管连接，尽管尚不清楚张力是如何被感知的，以及连接是如何被释放的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了动粒微管连接在染色体双定向过程中产生力的机制，以及导致正确连接形成的成熟和调节途径。
