Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil; Projeto BioPesca, Praia Grande, SP, Brazil.
Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 May 15;481:619-34. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.022. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
This paper reviews the available data on brominated flame retardants, the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as on the naturally-produced methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in cetacean tissues around the world. Levels and possible sources of both compound classes are discussed. Odontocete cetaceans accumulate higher PBDE concentrations than mysticete species. PBDE contamination was higher in cetaceans from the Northern hemisphere, whereas MeO-PBDE levels were higher in animals from the Southern hemisphere. Southern resident killer whales from NE Pacific presented the highest levels reported in biota, followed by bottlenose dolphins from North Atlantic (U.K. and U.S. coast). Many species presented PBDE concentrations above threshold levels for health effects in odontocetes. Time trend studies indicate that PBDE concentrations in odontocetes from Japan, China, U.S. and Canada coastal zones have increased significantly over the past 30 years. Studies from U.K. waters and NE Atlantic showed a decrease and/or stability of PBDE levels in cetacean tissues in recent decades. The highest MeO-PBDE concentrations were found in dolphins from Tanzania (Indian Ocean), bottlenose dolphins from Queensland, Australia (SW Pacific), and odontocetes from coastal and continental shelf waters off southeastern Brazil (SW Atlantic). The upwelling phenomenon and the presence of coral reef complexes in these tropical oceans may explain the large amounts of the naturally-produced organobromines. Considering that these bioaccumulative chemicals have properties that could cause many deleterious effects in those animals, future studies are required to evaluate the potential ecotoxicological risks.
本文综述了全世界各种鲸目动物组织中溴系阻燃剂（多溴联苯醚，PBDEs）和天然生成的甲氧基化多溴联苯醚（MeO-PBDEs）的现有数据。本文讨论了这两类化合物的浓度水平和可能的来源。齿鲸体内的 PBDE 浓度比须鲸物种高。在北半球的鲸目动物中，PBDE 污染程度更高，而在南半球的动物中，MeO-PBDE 水平更高。来自东北太平洋的南加利福尼亚海域的居留型虎鲸体内的 PBDE 浓度是生物体内报告的最高浓度，其次是北大西洋的宽吻海豚（英国和美国海岸）。许多物种的 PBDE 浓度都超过了齿鲸健康效应的阈值水平。时间趋势研究表明，过去 30 年来，来自日本、中国、美国和加拿大沿海地区的齿鲸的 PBDE 浓度显著增加。来自英国水域和东北大西洋的研究表明，近几十年来，鲸目动物组织中的 PBDE 浓度有所下降和/或稳定。坦桑尼亚（印度洋）海豚、昆士兰宽吻海豚（西南太平洋）以及来自巴西南部沿海和大陆架水域的齿鲸体内的 MeO-PBDE 浓度最高。这些热带海洋中的上升流现象和珊瑚礁复合体的存在可能解释了大量天然生成的有机溴化物的存在。考虑到这些生物蓄积性化学物质具有可能对这些动物造成许多有害影响的特性，未来需要进行研究以评估潜在的生态毒理学风险。
