从元认知角度看，女性比男性更焦虑。
Females are more anxious than males: a metacognitive perspective.
作者信息
Bahrami Fatemeh, Yousefi Naser
机构信息
Department of Counseling, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.
出版信息
Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2011 Fall;5(2):83-90.
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have suggested that anxiety disorders are more prevalent among women than men. The purpose of this study was to compare the metacognitive perspective of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in females with males.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was conducted on the high school girls and boys who have been affected by GAD. The sample consisted of 100 high school students (50 boys and 50 girls) selected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GADS) and semi-structured interview. They filled the Metacognitive Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), and Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (AnTI).
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed between girls and boys in anxiety thoughts (health anxiety, social anxiety, and meta-worry). Anxiety thoughts affect girls more than boys; they have more metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability of worry and believe that worry must be avoided. On the other hand, positive beliefs in worry are more common in girls and punishment and meta-worry are being implemented as control strategies in girls more than boys.
CONCLUSION
Metacognitive beliefs in uncontrollability, advantages and avoidance of worry may contribute to the higher prevalence of anxiety in females than males.
目的
先前的研究表明，焦虑症在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。本研究的目的是比较女性和男性对广泛性焦虑症（GAD）的元认知观点。
方法
对受广泛性焦虑症影响的高中女生和男生进行了一项横断面研究。样本由100名高中生（50名男生和50名女生）组成，通过广泛性焦虑症量表（GADS）和半结构化访谈选取。他们填写了元认知思维控制问卷（TCQ）和焦虑思维量表（AnTI）。
结果
在焦虑思维（健康焦虑、社交焦虑和元担忧）方面，女生和男生之间存在显著差异。焦虑思维对女生的影响大于男生；她们对担忧的不可控性有更多的元认知信念，并认为必须避免担忧。另一方面，对担忧的积极信念在女生中更为常见，并且惩罚和元担忧在女生中作为控制策略比在男生中更常实施。
结论
对担忧的不可控性、优势和回避的元认知信念可能导致女性焦虑症的患病率高于男性。
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