Wezyk Agata, Merecz Dorota
Med Pr. 2013;64(6):847-61. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.2013.0073.
Presenteeism, understood as being at work while ill, is not a new phenomenon. However, not long ago it has become an object of researchers' interest. Formerly, they focused mainly on absenteeism. In general, presenteesim is perceived as negative and very costly for employers. The majority of scientific studies refer to the problem of employees' productivity reduced due to their at tending work despite being ill, but the knowledge about presenteeism's causes and effects (other than decreased productivity) for both, the employee and the organisation, is still very limited. Especially in Poland there are very few scientific reports on this issue. However, the paper on presenteeism published recently (the 3/2013 issue of this Journal) defined this phenomenon as a non effective presence at work. The authors postulate to avoid pejorative connotation of this term by equating presenteeism with loss of productivity, and to separate this phenomenon from its possible negative and positive consequences. Thus, this paper aims at presenting current state of the art on this phenomenon, including such issues as definitional problems, measures and frequency of presenteeism, as well as its causes and consequences. In this paper presenteeism is presented in a wider perspective of its individual and contextual determinants.
出勤主义，即生病时仍坚持工作，并非一个新现象。然而，就在不久前，它已成为研究人员关注的对象。以前，他们主要关注旷工问题。总体而言，出勤主义被视为负面行为，且对雇主成本高昂。大多数科学研究都提到了员工尽管生病仍上班导致生产力下降的问题，但对于出勤主义对员工和组织的成因及影响（除生产力下降外）的了解仍然非常有限。特别是在波兰，关于这个问题的科学报告很少。然而，最近发表的一篇关于出勤主义的论文（本刊2013年第3期）将这一现象定义为工作时的低效出勤。作者主张通过将出勤主义等同于生产力损失来避免该术语的贬义内涵，并将这一现象与其可能的负面和正面后果区分开来。因此，本文旨在呈现关于这一现象的当前研究现状，包括定义问题、出勤主义的衡量方法和频率，以及其成因和后果。在本文中，出勤主义是从其个体和背景决定因素的更广泛视角来呈现的。
