Mao Qizheng, Huang Ganlin, Ma Keming, Sun Zexiang
Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Mar 18;11(3):3199-214. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110303199.
Understanding the spatial pattern of soil lead (Pb) levels is essential to protecting human health. Most previous studies have examined soil Pb distributions by either urbanization gradient or land-use type. Few studies, however, have examined both factors together. It remains unclear whether the impacts of land use on soil Pb levels are consistent along the urbanization gradient. To fill this gap, we investigated variations in soil Pb level under different land-use types along the urbanization gradient in Beijing, China. We classified the degree of urbanization as the urban core, transitional zone, or suburban area and the land-use type as industrial area, roadside, residential area, institutional area, road greenbelt, park, or forest. Our results showed that the range of soil Pb levels in Beijing is <1 mg/kg-292 mg/kg, with a mean of 22 mg/kg. Along the urbanization gradient, the mean soil Pb level increased from the suburban area to the urban core. Land-use types have an impact on soil Pb levels, however, when the degree of urbanization is considered, the impact from land use on soil Pb level was only significant in the transitional zone. Parks and road greenbelts were found to have lower soil Pb, primarily due to soil restoration. Roadside and residential areas were found to have higher soil Pb because of traffic emissions, leaded paint, and previous industrial contamination. In the urban core and suburban area, the soil Pb level showed no significant differences among various land-use types. Given the results of soil Pb in various land-use types, we suggest that future studies consider the urbanization gradient in which different land-use samples are located.
了解土壤铅（Pb）水平的空间格局对于保护人类健康至关重要。以往的大多数研究都是通过城市化梯度或土地利用类型来研究土壤铅的分布。然而，很少有研究将这两个因素结合起来进行考察。土地利用对土壤铅水平的影响在城市化梯度上是否一致仍不清楚。为了填补这一空白，我们调查了中国北京城市化梯度上不同土地利用类型下土壤铅水平的变化。我们将城市化程度分为城市核心区、过渡区或郊区，将土地利用类型分为工业区、路边、居民区、机构区、道路绿化带、公园或森林。我们的结果表明，北京土壤铅水平范围为<1 mg/kg至292 mg/kg，平均为22 mg/kg。沿着城市化梯度，土壤铅平均水平从郊区向城市核心区增加。土地利用类型对土壤铅水平有影响，然而，当考虑城市化程度时，土地利用对土壤铅水平的影响仅在过渡区显著。发现公园和道路绿化带的土壤铅含量较低，主要是由于土壤修复。路边和居民区的土壤铅含量较高，原因是交通排放、含铅油漆和以前的工业污染。在城市核心区和郊区，不同土地利用类型之间的土壤铅水平没有显著差异。鉴于不同土地利用类型的土壤铅结果，我们建议未来的研究考虑不同土地利用样本所在的城市化梯度。
