Belden Andy C, Luby Joan L, Pagliaccio David, Barch Deanna M
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Jul;9:136-47. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
When used effectively, cognitive reappraisal of distressing events is a highly adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategy, with impairments in cognitive reappraisal associated with greater risk for psychopathology. Despite extensive literature examining the neural correlates of cognitive reappraisal in healthy and psychiatrically ill adults, there is a dearth of data to inform the neural bases of CER in children, a key gap in the literature necessary to map the developmental trajectory of cognitive reappraisal. In this fMRI study, psychiatrically healthy schoolchildren were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal to modulate their emotional reactions and responses of negative affect after viewing sad photos. Consistent with the adult literature, when actively engaged in reappraisal compared to passively viewing sad photos, children showed increased activation in the vlPFC, dlPFC, and dmPFC as well as in parietal and temporal lobe regions. When children used cognitive reappraisal to minimize their experience of negative affect after viewing sad stimuli they exhibited dampened amygdala responses. Results are discussed in relation to the importance of identifying and characterizing neural processes underlying adaptive CER strategies in typically developing children in order to understand how these systems go awry and relate to the risk and occurrence of affective disorders.
当有效运用时，对令人痛苦的事件进行认知重评是一种高度适应性的认知情绪调节（CER）策略，认知重评受损与精神病理学风险增加相关。尽管有大量文献研究了健康成年人和患有精神疾病的成年人认知重评的神经关联，但关于儿童CER神经基础的数据却很匮乏，这是描绘认知重评发展轨迹所需文献中的一个关键空白。在这项功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中，指导心理健康的学童在观看悲伤照片后使用认知重评来调节他们的情绪反应和负面情绪反应。与成人文献一致，与被动观看悲伤照片相比，当儿童积极进行重评时，他们在腹侧前额叶皮质（vlPFC）、背外侧前额叶皮质（dlPFC）和背内侧前额叶皮质（dmPFC）以及顶叶和颞叶区域的激活增加。当儿童使用认知重评来最小化观看悲伤刺激后负面情绪的体验时，他们的杏仁核反应减弱。本文讨论了这些结果与识别和描述典型发育儿童适应性CER策略背后神经过程的重要性，以便了解这些系统如何出错以及与情感障碍的风险和发生之间的关系。
