Yi Xiaomin, Wang Fuli, Qin Weijun, Yang Xiaojian, Yuan Jianlin
Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Mar 5;9:1347-65. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S60206. eCollection 2014.
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an attractive modality for early cancer detection with high sensitivity and multi-detection capability. Due to convenient modification by conjugating with moieties of interests, NIRF probes are ideal candidates for cancer targeted imaging. Additionally, the combinatory application of NIRF imaging and other imaging modalities that can delineate anatomical structures extends fluorometric determination of biomedical information. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with NIRF dyes and anticancer agents contribute to the synergistic management of cancer, which integrates the advantage of imaging and therapeutic functions to achieve the ultimate goal of simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate probe design with targeting moieties can retain the original properties of NIRF and pharmacokinetics. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop new NIRF probes with better photostability and strong fluorescence emission, leading to the discovery of numerous novel NIRF probes with fine photophysical properties. Some of these probes exhibit tumoricidal activities upon light radiation, which holds great promise in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photoimmunotherapy. This review aims to provide a timely and concise update on emerging NIRF dyes and multifunctional agents. Their potential uses as agents for cancer specific imaging, lymph node mapping, and therapeutics are included. Recent advances of NIRF dyes in clinical use are also summarized.
近红外荧光（NIRF）成像作为一种用于早期癌症检测的成像方式，具有高灵敏度和多检测能力，颇具吸引力。由于可通过与感兴趣的部分结合进行便捷修饰，NIRF探针是癌症靶向成像的理想候选物。此外，NIRF成像与其他能够描绘解剖结构的成像方式的联合应用扩展了生物医学信息的荧光测定。而且，负载NIRF染料和抗癌剂的纳米颗粒有助于癌症的协同治疗，其整合了成像和治疗功能的优势，以实现同步诊断和治疗的最终目标。带有靶向部分的合适探针设计可保留NIRF的原始特性和药代动力学。近年来，人们付出了巨大努力来开发具有更好光稳定性和强荧光发射的新型NIRF探针，从而发现了众多具有优良光物理性质的新型NIRF探针。其中一些探针在光辐射时表现出杀肿瘤活性，这在光热疗法、光动力疗法和光免疫疗法中具有巨大潜力。本综述旨在及时、简洁地更新新兴的NIRF染料和多功能试剂。其中包括它们作为癌症特异性成像、淋巴结定位和治疗试剂的潜在用途。还总结了NIRF染料在临床应用中的最新进展。
