a Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia .
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2015;35(3):355-68. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2014.887649.
Mushrooms have long been used not only as food but also for the treatment of various ailments. Although at its infancy, accumulated evidence suggested that culinary-medicinal mushrooms may play an important role in the prevention of many age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to a search for more mushroom species that may improve memory and cognition functions. Such mushrooms include Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Sarcodon spp., Antrodia camphorata, Pleurotus giganteus, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Grifola frondosa, and many more. Here, we review over 20 different brain-improving culinary-medicinal mushrooms and at least 80 different bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from them. The mushrooms (either extracts from basidiocarps/mycelia or isolated compounds) reduced beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and had anti-acetylcholinesterase, neurite outgrowth stimulation, nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the bioactive effects of mushrooms are also discussed. Mushrooms can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro evidence and clinical trials with humans are needed.
蘑菇不仅长期以来被用作食物，也被用于治疗各种疾病。尽管处于起步阶段，但积累的证据表明，食用药用蘑菇可能在预防许多与年龄相关的神经功能障碍方面发挥重要作用，包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。因此，人们一直在努力寻找更多可能改善记忆和认知功能的蘑菇品种。这类蘑菇包括珊瑚菌、灵芝、鳞伞属、樟芝、金针菇、红栓菌、灰树花等。在这里，我们综述了 20 多种不同的具有改善大脑功能的食用药用蘑菇，以及从它们中分离出的至少 80 种不同的生物活性次生代谢物。这些蘑菇（无论是从担子果/菌丝体中提取的，还是从分离出的化合物）都能减轻β淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经毒性，具有抗乙酰胆碱酯酶、促进神经突生长、合成神经生长因子（NGF）、神经保护、抗氧化和抗炎（神经）作用。还讨论了蘑菇的生物活性作用的分子机制的体外和体内研究。蘑菇可以被认为是治疗神经退行性疾病的有用治疗剂。然而，本综述侧重于体外证据，需要进行人体临床试验。
