Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111377. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111377. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a common neurological pathology that determines a progressive deterioration of the brain or the nervous system. For treating NDs, comprehensive and alternative medicines have attracted scientific researchers' attention recently. Edible mushrooms are essential for preventing several age-based neuronal dysfunctions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Mushroom such as Grifola frondosa, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Hericium erinaceus, may improve cognitive functions. It has also been reported that edible mushrooms (basidiocarps/mycelia extracts or isolated bioactive compounds) may reduce beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Medicinal mushrooms are being used for novel and natural compounds that help modulate immune responses and possess anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. Compounds such as polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polysaccharides, and metal chelating agents are validated in different ND treatments. This review aims to assess mushrooms' role and their biomolecules utilization for treating different kinds of NDs. The action mechanisms, presented here, including reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and modulation of acetylcholinesterase activity, protecting neurons or stimulation, and regulating neurotrophins synthesis. We also provide background about neurodegenerative diseases and in-silico techniques of the drug research. High costs associated with experiments and current ethical law imply efficient alternatives with limited cost value. In silico approaches provide an alternative method with low cost that has been successfully implemented to cure ND disorders in recent days. We also describe the applications of computational procedures such as molecular docking, virtual high-throughput screening, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, quantum-mechanical methods for drug design. They were reported against various targets in NDs.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）代表一种常见的神经病理学，会导致大脑或神经系统的进行性恶化。为了治疗 NDs，综合和替代医学最近引起了科学研究人员的关注。食用蘑菇对于预防几种与年龄相关的神经元功能障碍（如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病）至关重要。灰树花、红栓菌、珊瑚菌等蘑菇可以改善认知功能。据报道，食用蘑菇（担子果/菌丝体提取物或分离的生物活性化合物）可以减轻β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经毒性。药用蘑菇被用于帮助调节免疫反应并具有抗癌、抗微生物和抗氧化特性的新型天然化合物。多酚、萜类、生物碱、倍半萜、多糖和金属螯合剂等化合物已在不同的 NDs 治疗中得到验证。本综述旨在评估蘑菇及其生物分子在治疗不同类型 NDs 中的作用和利用。这里提出的作用机制包括减轻氧化应激、神经炎症和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的调节，保护神经元或刺激，以及调节神经营养因子的合成。我们还提供了有关神经退行性疾病和药物研究的计算技术的背景信息。与实验相关的高成本和当前的伦理法意味着需要具有有限成本价值的高效替代品。计算方法提供了一种低成本的替代方法，最近已成功用于治疗 ND 疾病。我们还描述了计算程序的应用，如分子对接、虚拟高通量筛选、分子动力学（MD）模拟、量子力学方法在药物设计中的应用。据报道，它们针对 NDs 中的各种靶点。
