Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
Planta Med. 2020 Nov;86(16):1161-1175. doi: 10.1055/a-1177-4834. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
According to the World Health Organization, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating and pose the greatest threats to public health. Diseases of the nervous system are caused by a particular pathological process that negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. These diseases also lead to the loss of neuronal cell function, which causes alterations in the nervous system structure, resulting in the degeneration or death of nerve cells throughout the body. This causes problems with movement (ataxia) and mental dysfunction (dementia), both of which are commonly observed symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with nutraceutical properties and are low in calories and fat. They are also a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and vitamins that have been used in the treatment of many ailments. Medicinal mushrooms such as , and are commonly produced worldwide for use as health supplements and medicine. Medicinal mushrooms and their extracts have a large number of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharide -glucan, or polysaccharide-protein complexes, like lectins, lactones, terpenoids, alkaloids, antibiotics, and metal-chelating agents. This review will focus on the role of the medicinal properties of different medicinal mushrooms that contain bioactive compounds with a protective effect against neuronal dysfunction. This information will facilitate the development of drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，神经和神经退行性疾病具有高度致残性，对公众健康构成最大威胁。神经系统疾病是由特定的病理过程引起的，该过程会对中枢和外周神经系统产生负面影响。这些疾病还会导致神经元细胞功能丧失，从而导致神经系统结构发生改变，导致全身神经细胞变性或死亡。这会导致运动障碍（共济失调）和精神功能障碍（痴呆），这两种情况都是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和多发性硬化症的常见观察症状。药用蘑菇是具有营养特性的高等真菌，其卡路里和脂肪含量低。它们还富含碳水化合物、蛋白质、纤维和维生素等营养物质和生物活性化合物，这些物质已被用于治疗许多疾病。灵芝、香菇和舞茸等在世界范围内广泛生产，用作保健品和药物。药用蘑菇及其提取物含有大量生物活性化合物，如多糖-β-葡聚糖或多糖-蛋白质复合物，如凝集素、内酯、三萜类、生物碱、抗生素和金属螯合剂。本综述将重点介绍含有对神经元功能障碍具有保护作用的生物活性化合物的不同药用蘑菇的药用特性。这些信息将有助于开发治疗神经退行性疾病的药物。
