Mitchell Mack C, Teigen Erin L, Ramchandani Vijay A
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 May;38(5):1200-4. doi: 10.1111/acer.12355. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
Both the amount and the rate of absorption of ethanol (EtOH) from alcoholic beverages are key determinants of the peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and exposure of organs other than gut and liver. Previous studies suggest EtOH is absorbed more rapidly in the fasting than in the postprandial state. The concentration of EtOH and the type of beverage may determine gastric emptying/absorption of EtOH.
The pharmacokinetics of EtOH were measured in 15 healthy men after consumption of 0.5 g of EtOH/kg body weight. During this 3-session crossover study, subjects consumed in separate sessions, beer (5.1% v/v), white wine (12.5% v/v), or vodka/tonic (20% v/v) over 20 minutes following an overnight fast. BAC was measured by gas chromatography at multiple points after consumption.
Peak BAC (Cmax ) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) after vodka/tonic (77.4 ± 17.0 mg/dl) than after wine (61.7 ± 10.8 mg/dl) or beer (50.3 ± 9.8 mg/dl) and was significantly higher (p < 0.001) after wine than beer. The time to Cmax occurred significantly earlier (p < 0.01) after vodka/tonic (36 ± 10 minutes) compared to wine (54 ± 14 minutes) or beer (62 ± 23 minutes). Six subjects exceeded a Cmax of 80 mg/dl after vodka/tonic, but none exceeded this limit after beer or wine. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was significantly greater after drinking vodka/tonic (p < 0.001) than after wine or beer. Comparison of AUCs indicated the relative bioavailability of EtOH was lower after drinking beer.
Findings indicate that BAC is higher after drinking vodka/tonic than beer or wine after fasting. A binge pattern is significantly more likely to result in BAC above 80 mg/dl after drinking vodka/tonic than beer or wine. Men drinking on an empty stomach should know BAC will vary depending on beverage type and the rate and amount of EtOH.
酒精饮料中乙醇（EtOH）的吸收量和吸收率是决定血液中酒精浓度峰值（BAC）以及除肠道和肝脏外其他器官暴露程度的关键因素。先前的研究表明，空腹状态下EtOH的吸收速度比餐后更快。EtOH的浓度和饮料类型可能决定EtOH的胃排空/吸收情况。
在15名健康男性摄入0.5克EtOH/千克体重后测量EtOH的药代动力学。在这项三阶段交叉研究中，受试者在隔夜禁食后，分别在不同阶段用20分钟饮用啤酒（体积分数5.1%）、白葡萄酒（体积分数12.5%）或伏特加/奎宁水（体积分数20%）。饮用后在多个时间点通过气相色谱法测量BAC。
饮用伏特加/奎宁水后，BAC峰值（Cmax）显著高于饮用葡萄酒（61.7±10.8毫克/分升）或啤酒（50.3±9.8毫克/分升）后的水平（p<0.001），且饮用葡萄酒后的BAC峰值显著高于啤酒（p<0.001）。与饮用葡萄酒（54±14分钟）或啤酒（62±23分钟）相比，饮用伏特加/奎宁水后达到Cmax的时间显著更早（p<0.01）（36±10分钟）。6名受试者饮用伏特加/奎宁水后Cmax超过80毫克/分升，但饮用啤酒或葡萄酒后无人超过此限值。饮用伏特加/奎宁水后的浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）显著大于饮用葡萄酒或啤酒后的水平（p<0.001）。AUC的比较表明，饮用啤酒后EtOH的相对生物利用度较低。
研究结果表明，空腹饮用伏特加/奎宁水后的BAC高于饮用啤酒或葡萄酒后的水平。暴饮暴食模式下，饮用伏特加/奎宁水后导致BAC超过80毫克/分升的可能性显著高于饮用啤酒或葡萄酒。空腹饮酒的男性应该知道，BAC会因饮料类型以及EtOH的摄入量和摄入速度而有所不同。
