Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Plant Sci. 2014 May;221-222:42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Roots anchor a plant in the soil, acquire nutrition and respond to environmental cues. Roots perform these functions using intricate movements and a variety of pathways have been implicated in mediating their growth patterns. These include endogenous genetic factors, perception of multiple environmental stimuli, signaling pathways interacting with hormonal dynamics and cellular processes of rapid cell elongation. In this review we attempt to consolidate our understanding of two specific types of root movements, waving and skewing, that arise on the surface of growth media, and how they are regulated by various genes and factors. These include crucial factors that are part of a complex nexus of processes including polar auxin transport and cytoskeletal dynamics. This knowledge can be extrapolated in the future for engineering plants with root architecture better suited for different soil and growth conditions such as abiotic stresses or even extended spaceflight. Technological innovations and interdisciplinary approaches promise to allow the tracking of root movements on a much finer scale, thus helping to expedite the discovery of more nodes in the regulation of root waving and skewing and movement in general.
根将植物锚定在土壤中，获取营养并对环境线索做出反应。根通过复杂的运动来执行这些功能，并且已经有多种途径被牵涉到调节它们的生长模式中。这些途径包括内源性遗传因素、对多种环境刺激的感知、与激素动态相互作用的信号通路以及快速细胞伸长的细胞过程。在这篇综述中，我们试图整合我们对两种特定类型的根运动的理解，即在生长介质表面出现的摆动和偏斜，以及它们如何被各种基因和因素调节。这些因素包括作为包括极性生长素运输和细胞骨架动力学在内的复杂过程网络的一部分的关键因素。未来，这些知识可以被推断用于工程植物，使其具有更适合不同土壤和生长条件的根系结构，例如非生物胁迫甚至延长的太空飞行。技术创新和跨学科方法有望实现对根运动的更精细尺度的跟踪，从而有助于加速发现调节根摆动和偏斜以及一般运动的更多节点。
