Valmórbida Julia L, Vitolo Márcia R
Center for Research in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014 Sep-Oct;90(5):464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
To evaluate factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers from families treated at basic health centers in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
This was a cohort study nested in a randomized field trial. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires to obtain demographic and dietary data, combined with two 24-hour recalls in the age groups 12-16 months and again at 2-3 years of age. Data on the consumption of one daily serving of fruits (80 g) and vegetables (60 g) were evaluated, as well as consumption of non-recommended foods such as candy, chocolate, and soft drinks. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimation.
A total of 388 children aged 2-3 years were evaluated; of these, 58% and 87.4% did not consume one daily serving of fruits and vegetables, respectively. The following factors were negatively associated with fruit consumption: family income higher than four minimum wages, (p=0.024), lower paternal educational level (p=0.03), and lower fruit consumption at 12-16 months (p=0.002). Factors negatively associated with the consumption of vegetables were low paternal educational level (p=0.033) and consumption of high-sugar content beverages at 12-16 months (p=0.014).
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of children who consumed less than one daily serving of fruit and vegetables; early feeding practices, parental education, and family income were associated with this process.
评估巴西阿雷格里港基本卫生中心接受治疗家庭中幼儿水果和蔬菜摄入量低的相关因素。
这是一项嵌套在随机现场试验中的队列研究。通过结构化问卷收集数据以获取人口统计学和饮食数据，并结合12 - 16个月龄组以及2 - 3岁时的两次24小时饮食回顾。评估了每日一份水果（80克）和蔬菜（60克）的摄入量，以及糖果、巧克力和软饮料等非推荐食物的摄入量。使用稳健估计的泊松回归进行统计分析。
共评估了388名2 - 3岁儿童；其中，分别有58%和87.4%的儿童未达到每日一份水果和蔬菜的摄入量。以下因素与水果摄入量呈负相关：家庭收入高于四个最低工资标准（p = 0.024）、父亲教育水平较低（p = 0.03）以及12 - 16个月时水果摄入量较低（p = 0.002）。与蔬菜摄入量呈负相关的因素有父亲教育水平低（p = 0.033）以及12 - 16个月时高糖饮料的摄入量（p = 0.014）。
本研究表明，每日水果和蔬菜摄入量不足一份的儿童比例很高；早期喂养习惯、父母教育程度和家庭收入与这一过程相关。
