Department of Respiratory Medicine, City Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2014 Apr;16(4):403. doi: 10.1007/s11908-014-0403-3.
Pneumococcal disease leads to considerable mortality, morbidity and healthcare cost worldwide, and disease rates are predicted to increase due to an aging population. There are over 90 different pneumococcal serotypes identified to date, each with unique capsular characteristics capable of eliciting serotype-specific immunity in its host. Several recent studies have demonstrated important differences in invasiveness, disease severity, complications from disease and antibiotic resistance patterns that are specific to individual serotypes. This knowledge is particularly pertinent given the ongoing seroepidemiological changes worldwide, partly due to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination to childhood immunization schedules. Further characterization of pneumococcal serotype-specific clinical features, and continued surveillance of serotypes in nasopharyngeal carriage and disease, will help guide treatment and prevention strategies in pneumococcal disease.
肺炎球菌疾病在全球范围内导致了相当高的死亡率、发病率和医疗保健成本，并且由于人口老龄化，预计疾病发病率将会增加。迄今为止，已经确定了超过 90 种不同的肺炎球菌血清型，每种血清型都具有独特的荚膜特征，能够在宿主中引发针对特定血清型的免疫反应。最近的几项研究表明，不同血清型在侵袭性、疾病严重程度、疾病并发症和抗生素耐药模式方面存在显著差异，这些差异是特定于各个血清型的。鉴于全球范围内正在进行的血清流行病学变化，这种知识尤为重要，部分原因是肺炎球菌结合疫苗已被纳入儿童免疫接种计划。进一步描述肺炎球菌血清型特异性临床特征，并持续监测鼻咽携带和疾病中的血清型，将有助于指导肺炎球菌疾病的治疗和预防策略。
