Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014;21(13):8006-15. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2699-9. Epub 2014 Mar 23.
The environmental occurrence and concentrations of cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) were investigated in the Czech Republic. Concentrations of microcystins (MCs), cylindrospermopsin (CYN) or saxitoxins (STXs) were determined immunochemically by ELISA assays in 30 water samples collected from the surface layers of 19 reservoirs during the summer season of 2010. MCs were detected in 18 reservoirs and 83 % of samples, with median and maximal concentration being 1.5 and 18.6 μg/L, respectively. The high frequency of MC occurrence coincided with prevalence of cyanobacterium Microcystis sp., which was detected in 87 % samples, followed by Dolichospermum (Anabaena) sp. observed in 33 % samples. CYN was detected by ELISA only in one sample at a concentration of 1.2 μg/L. STXs presence was indicated for the first time in Czech water reservoirs when the toxins were found at low concentrations (0.03-0.04 μg/L) in two samples (7 %) collected from two different reservoirs, where STXs co-occurred with MCs and eventually also with CYN. In both STX-positive samples, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis sp., but Dolichospermum sp. and/or Aphanizomenon sp. were also present as putative producers of STX and/or CYN. Cyanotoxins commonly occurred in Czech water reservoirs, and MCs frequently at concentrations possibly associated with human health risks. MCs were the most prevalent and abundant cyanotoxins, but also other cyanotoxins were detected, though sporadically. Further research and regulatory monitoring of cyanotoxins other than MCs is therefore required.
捷克共和国对蓝藻毒素（蓝藻毒素）的环境发生和浓度进行了调查。2010 年夏季，从 19 个水库的表层采集了 30 个水样，用 ELISA 法免疫化学法测定了微囊藻毒素（MCs）、柱孢藻毒素（CYN）或石房蛤毒素（STXs）的浓度。在 18 个水库和 83%的样品中检测到 MCs，其中位数和最大值浓度分别为 1.5 和 18.6μg/L。MCs 的高发生率与蓝藻微囊藻属的流行相一致，在 87%的样品中检测到该种，其次是在 33%的样品中检测到 Dolichospermum（Anabaena）属。通过 ELISA 仅在一个浓度为 1.2μg/L 的样品中检测到 CYN。STXs 的存在首次在捷克水库中被发现，当时在两个不同水库采集的两个样品（7%）中发现低浓度（0.03-0.04μg/L）的毒素，其中 STXs 与 MCs 共同存在，最终也与 CYN 共同存在。在两个 STX 阳性样品中，浮游植物群落主要由微囊藻属主导，但也存在 Dolichospermum 属和/或 Aphanizomenon 属，它们可能是 STX 和/或 CYN 的产生者。蓝藻毒素通常存在于捷克水库中，MCs 经常以可能与人类健康风险相关的浓度存在。MCs 是最普遍和丰富的蓝藻毒素，但也检测到其他蓝藻毒素，尽管偶尔存在。因此，需要进一步研究和监管监测除 MCs 以外的其他蓝藻毒素。
