Pinazo-Durán Maria D, Gómez-Ulla Francisco, Arias Luis, Araiz Javier, Casaroli-Marano Ricardo, Gallego-Pinazo Roberto, García-Medina Jose J, López-Gálvez Maria Isabel, Manzanas Lucía, Salas Anna, Zapata Miguel, Diaz-Llopis Manuel, García-Layana Alfredo
University of Valencia, Spain ; The Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Valencia, Spain.
University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; The Institute Gomez-Ulla, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Foundation RetinaPlus, Spain.
J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:901686. doi: 10.1155/2014/901686. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
目的。综述年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的潜在致病机制，以及抗氧化剂（AOX）和ω-3脂肪酸补充剂在预防AMD中的作用。材料与方法。综合阐述了目前关于AMD细胞/分子机制的知识，以及关于AOX和ω-3作用的流行病学/实验研究，并结合了科学证据以及西班牙眼科视网膜疾病研究组（OFTARED）专业人员的个人观点。结果。饮食中高摄入ω-3以及黄斑色素叶黄素/玉米黄质与AMD患病率和发病率较低相关。年龄相关性眼病研究（AREDS）表明，高剂量的维生素C、E、β-胡萝卜素以及锌/铜对降低中度AMD患者或单侧晚期AMD患者进展为晚期AMD的速率具有有益作用。AREDS-2研究表明，由于叶黄素和玉米黄质与肺癌发病率增加可能存在的关系，它们可能替代β-胡萝卜素。结论。研究证明，饮食不良的老年人，尤其是AOX和ω-3微量营养素摄入量低且血浆水平随之降低的老年人，更容易患AMD。补充微量营养素可增强抗氧化防御能力并使眼睛保持健康，可能预防/延缓/改善AMD。
