Hadzic Vedran, Sattler Tine, Veselko Matjaž, Markovic Goran, Dervisevic Edvin
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Athl Train. 2014 May-Jun;49(3):338-44. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.05. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Volleyball players are reported to have shoulder strength imbalances. Previous authors have primarily investigated small samples of male players at a single skill level, without considering playing position, and with inconsistent findings.
To evaluate shoulder strength asymmetry and a history of shoulder injury in a large sample of professional volleyball players of both sexes across different playing positions and skill levels.
Descriptive laboratory study.
A sample of 183 volleyball players (99 men, 84 women).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We assessed shoulder internal-rotator and external-rotator concentric strength at 60°/s using an isokinetic dynamometer and dominant-nondominant differences in shoulder strength and strength ratios using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Peak torque was normalized for body mass and external-rotation/internal-rotation concentric strength.
Internal-rotation strength was asymmetric in favor of the dominant side in both sexes, regardless of previous shoulder injury status. Male volleyball players had a lower shoulder strength ratio on the dominant side, regardless of previous shoulder injury status. However, this finding was valid only when hand dominance was taken into account. Female volleyball players playing at a higher level (ie, first versus second division) were 3.43 times more likely to have an abnormal strength ratio. Playing position was not associated with an abnormal shoulder strength ratio or strength asymmetry.
In male volleyball players, the external-rotation/internal-rotation strength ratio of the dominant shoulder was lower, regardless of playing position, skill level, or a previous shoulder injury. In female players, the ratio was less only in those at a higher skill level. Although speculative, these findings generally suggest that female volleyball players could have a lower risk of developing shoulder-related problems than male volleyball players. Isokinetic shoulder testing may reveal important information about the possible risk factors for shoulder injuries, so we recommend including it in the functional screening of volleyball players.
据报道，排球运动员存在肩部力量失衡的情况。以往的研究主要针对单一技能水平的男性运动员小样本进行调查，未考虑比赛位置，且研究结果不一致。
评估大量不同比赛位置和技能水平的男女职业排球运动员的肩部力量不对称情况及肩部损伤史。
描述性实验室研究。
183名排球运动员样本（99名男性，84名女性）。
我们使用等速测力计在60°/秒的速度下评估肩部内旋肌和外旋肌的向心力量，并使用重复测量方差分析评估肩部力量的优势侧与非优势侧差异以及力量比值。将峰值扭矩按体重进行标准化处理，并计算外旋/内旋向心力量。
无论之前的肩部损伤状况如何，男女运动员的内旋力量均表现为优势侧更占优。无论之前的肩部损伤状况如何，男性排球运动员优势侧的肩部力量比值较低。然而，这一发现仅在考虑手的优势情况时才成立。高水平（即甲级与乙级）比赛的女性排球运动员出现力量比值异常的可能性高3.43倍。比赛位置与肩部力量比值异常或力量不对称无关。
在男性排球运动员中，无论比赛位置、技能水平或之前是否有肩部损伤，优势肩部的外旋/内旋力量比值均较低。在女性运动员中，只有高水平运动员的这一比值较低。尽管只是推测，但这些发现总体表明，女性排球运动员发生肩部相关问题的风险可能低于男性排球运动员。等速肩部测试可能会揭示有关肩部损伤潜在风险因素的重要信息，因此我们建议将其纳入排球运动员的功能筛查中。
