Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
J Food Drug Anal. 2014 Mar;22(1):105-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Graphene, a single-atom-thick carbon nanosheet, has attracted great interest as a promising nanomaterial for a variety of bioapplications because of its extraordinary properties. However, the potential for widespread human exposure raises safety concerns about graphene and its derivatives, referred to as graphene-family nanomaterials. This review summarizes recent findings on the toxicological effects and the potential toxicity mechanisms of graphene-family nanomaterials in bacteria, mammalian cells, and animal models. Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide elicit toxic effects both in vitro and in vivo, whereas surface modifications can significantly reduce their toxic interactions with living systems. Standardization of terminology and the fabrication methods of graphene-family nanomaterials are warranted for further investigations designed to decrease their adverse effects and explore their biomedical applications.
石墨烯是一种单层碳原子纳米片，由于其非凡的性质，作为一种有前途的纳米材料，已经引起了广泛的关注。然而，由于其广泛的人类接触潜力，人们对石墨烯及其衍生物（称为石墨烯家族纳米材料）的安全性表示担忧。本文综述了近年来关于石墨烯家族纳米材料在细菌、哺乳动物细胞和动物模型中的毒理学效应及其潜在毒性机制的研究结果。石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯在体外和体内都能引起毒性作用，而表面修饰可以显著降低它们与生命系统的毒性相互作用。为了进一步减少其不良影响并探索其生物医学应用，有必要对石墨烯家族纳米材料的术语标准化和制造方法进行研究。
