Mazzaro Caroline Cantalejo, Klostermann Flávia Caroline, Erbano Bruna Olandoski, Schio Nicolle Amboni, Guarita-Souza Luiz César, Olandoski Marcia, Faria-Neto José Rocha, Baena Cristina Pellegrino
Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014 Apr;102(4):345-54. doi: 10.5935/abc.20140037. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
High blood pressure is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Low blood pressure control rates in Latin American populations emphasize the need for gathering evidence on effective therapies.
To evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on blood pressure in Latin American populations.
Systematic review. Electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS and VHL) were searched and manual search for studies published up to April 2013 was performed. Parallel studies about dietary interventions in Latin American adult populations assessing arterial blood pressure (mm Hg) before and after intervention were included.
Of the 405 studies identified, 10 randomized controlled trials were included and divided into 3 subgroups according to the proposed dietary intervention. There was a non-significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the subgroups of mineral replacement (-4.82; 95% CI: -11.36 to 1.73) and complex pattern diets (-3.17; 95% CI: -7.62 to 1.28). Regarding diastolic blood pressure, except for the hyperproteic diet subgroup, all subgroups showed a significant reduction in blood pressure: -4.66 mmHg (95% CI: -9.21 to -0.12) and -4.55 mmHg (95% CI: -7.04 to -2.06) for mineral replacement and complex pattern diets, respectively.
Available evidence on the effects of dietary changes on blood pressure in Latin American populations indicates a homogeneous effect of those interventions, although not significant for systolic blood pressure. Samples were small and the quality of the studies was generally low. Larger studies are required to build robust evidence.
高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。拉丁美洲人群的血压控制率较低，这凸显了收集有效治疗证据的必要性。
评估饮食干预对拉丁美洲人群血压的影响。
系统评价。检索了电子数据库（MEDLINE/PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CINAHL、科学引文索引、Scopus、SciELO、LILACS和VHL），并对截至2013年4月发表的研究进行了手动检索。纳入了关于拉丁美洲成年人群饮食干预的平行研究，这些研究评估了干预前后的动脉血压（毫米汞柱）。
在识别出的405项研究中，纳入了10项随机对照试验，并根据所提议的饮食干预将其分为3个亚组。矿物质替代亚组（-4.82；95%可信区间：-11.36至1.73）和复杂模式饮食亚组（-3.17；95%可信区间：-7.62至1.28）的收缩压有非显著降低。关于舒张压，除高蛋白饮食亚组外，所有亚组的血压均显著降低：矿物质替代和复杂模式饮食亚组的舒张压分别降低-4.66毫米汞柱（95%可信区间：-9.21至-0.12）和-4.55毫米汞柱（95%可信区间：-7.04至-2.06）。
关于饮食变化对拉丁美洲人群血压影响的现有证据表明，这些干预措施具有同质效应，尽管对收缩压不显著。样本量较小，研究质量普遍较低。需要进行更大规模的研究以建立有力的证据。
