Balconi Michela, Finocchiaro Roberta, Canavesio Ylenia
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2015 Jul;46(3):197-207. doi: 10.1177/1550059413513261. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
The present research used the Iowa Gambling Task to test the effect of the reward-sensitivity Behavioral Activation System-Reward (BAS-Reward) construct on the ability to distinguish between high- and low-risk decisions. To elucidate the individual differences that influence the decisional processes, making the strategies more or less advantageous, we considered the impact of the BAS motivational system and the frontal left and right cortical activity on subjects' decisions. More specifically, the lateralization effect, which is related to the increased activation of the left (BAS-Reward-related) hemisphere, was explored by using frequency band analysis. Specifically, behavioral responses (gain/loss options), metacognition, and delta, theta, alpha, and beta band modulation (asymmetry index) were considered. Thirty subjects were divided into high-BAS and low-BAS groups. In comparison with low-BAS, the high-BAS group showed an increased tendency to opt in favor of the immediate reward (losing strategy) instead of the long-term option (winning strategy), and members of this group were more impaired in metacognitive monitoring of their strategies and showed an increased left hemisphere activation when they responded to losing choices. A "reward bias" effect was hypothesized to act for high BAS, based on a left-hemisphere hyperactivation.
本研究采用爱荷华赌博任务来测试奖励敏感性行为激活系统-奖励（BAS-奖励）结构对区分高风险和低风险决策能力的影响。为了阐明影响决策过程的个体差异，使策略或多或少具有优势，我们考虑了BAS动机系统以及额叶左右皮质活动对受试者决策的影响。更具体地说，通过使用频带分析来探索与左半球（与BAS-奖励相关）激活增加有关的偏侧化效应。具体而言，考虑了行为反应（收益/损失选项）、元认知以及δ、θ、α和β波段调制（不对称指数）。30名受试者被分为高BAS组和低BAS组。与低BAS组相比，高BAS组表现出更倾向于选择即时奖励（输的策略）而非长期选项（赢的策略）的趋势，并且该组成员在对其策略的元认知监测方面受损更严重，并且在对输的选择做出反应时左半球激活增加。基于左半球过度激活，假设高BAS存在“奖励偏差”效应。
