Wittekind C
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland,
Pathologe. 2014 May;35(3):252-5. doi: 10.1007/s00292-014-1904-4.
The TNM classification of testicular tumors has some special aspects. There is only one pT classification (with two exceptions) but there is an N as well as a pN classification. The category M1 can be subdivided in M1a and M1b, both of which can be used as cM and pM classifications. Serum tumor markers have been introduced as classification parameters in the TNM classification of testicular tumors which are used together with the anatomical spread in stage grouping but not in the definitions of the T, N and M categories.
睾丸肿瘤的TNM分类有一些特殊之处。只有一种pT分类（有两个例外），但有N分类以及pN分类。M1类别可细分为M1a和M1b，二者均可用于cM和pM分类。血清肿瘤标志物已被引入睾丸肿瘤TNM分类的分类参数中，其与解剖学扩散一起用于分期分组，但不用于T、N和M类别的定义。
