Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Mar 24;5:107. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00107. eCollection 2014.
Phyto-endoparasitic nematodes induce specialized feeding cells (NFCs) in their hosts, termed syncytia and giant cells (GCs) for cyst and root-knot nematodes (RKNs), respectively. They differ in their ontogeny and global transcriptional signatures, but both develop cell wall ingrowths (CIs) to facilitate high rates of apoplastic/symplastic solute exchange showing transfer cell (TC) characteristics. Regulatory signals for TC differentiation are not still well-known. The two-component signaling system (2CS) and reactive oxygen species are proposed as inductors of TC identity, while, 2CSs-related genes are not major contributors to differential gene expression in early developing NFCs. Transcriptomic and functional studies have assigned a major role to auxin and ethylene as regulatory signals on early developing TCs. Genes encoding proteins with similar functions expressed in both early developing NFCs and typical TCs are putatively involved in upstream or downstream responses mediated by auxin and ethylene. Yet, no function directly associated to the TCs identity of NFCs, such as the formation of CIs is described for most of them. Thus, we reviewed similarities between transcriptional changes observed during the early stages of NFCs formation and those described during differentiation of TCs to hypothesize about putative signals leading to TC-like differentiation of NFCs with particular emphasis on auxin an ethylene.
寄生植物线虫在其宿主中诱导专门的取食细胞（NFCs），分别称为合胞体和巨型细胞（GCs），用于囊泡线虫和根结线虫（RKNs）。它们在个体发生和全局转录特征上有所不同，但都发育出细胞壁内突（CIs），以促进高比例的质外体/共质体溶质交换，表现出转移细胞（TC）的特征。TC 分化的调节信号尚不清楚。双组分信号系统（2CS）和活性氧被认为是 TC 特性的诱导物，而与 2CS 相关的基因并不是早期发育 NFCs 中差异表达基因的主要贡献者。转录组学和功能研究将生长素和乙烯作为调节信号分配给早期发育的 TC。在早期发育的 NFCs 和典型 TC 中表达具有相似功能的蛋白质的基因，被推测参与了生长素和乙烯介导的上游或下游反应。然而，对于大多数基因，没有直接与 NFCs 的 TC 特性相关的功能被描述，例如 CIs 的形成。因此，我们回顾了在 NFCs 形成的早期阶段观察到的转录变化与在 TC 分化过程中描述的变化之间的相似性，以假设可能导致 NFCs 向 TC 样分化的信号，特别强调生长素和乙烯。
