Goody Michelle F, Sullivan Con, Kim Carol H
Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2014 Sep;46(1):84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.025. Epub 2014 Apr 6.
Humans and viruses have a long co-evolutionary history. Viral illnesses have and will continue to shape human history: from smallpox, to influenza, to HIV, and beyond. Animal models of human viral illnesses are needed in order to generate safe and effective antiviral medicines, adjuvant therapies, and vaccines. These animal models must support the replication of human viruses, recapitulate aspects of human viral illnesses, and respond with conserved immune signaling cascades. The zebrafish is perhaps the simplest, most commonly used laboratory model organism in which innate and/or adaptive immunity can be studied. Herein, we will discuss the current zebrafish models of human viral illnesses and the insights they have provided. We will highlight advantages of early life stage zebrafish and the importance of innate immunity in human viral illnesses. We will also discuss viral characteristics to consider before infecting zebrafish with human viruses as well as predict other human viruses that may be able to infect zebrafish.
人类与病毒有着漫长的共同进化历史。病毒性疾病已经并将继续塑造人类历史：从天花到流感，再到艾滋病毒，不一而足。为了研发安全有效的抗病毒药物、辅助治疗方法和疫苗，需要人类病毒性疾病的动物模型。这些动物模型必须支持人类病毒的复制，概括人类病毒性疾病的各个方面，并通过保守的免疫信号级联反应做出反应。斑马鱼可能是最简单、最常用的实验室模式生物，可用于研究先天性和/或适应性免疫。在此，我们将讨论当前人类病毒性疾病的斑马鱼模型及其所提供的见解。我们将强调早期斑马鱼的优势以及先天性免疫在人类病毒性疾病中的重要性。我们还将讨论在用人类病毒感染斑马鱼之前需要考虑的病毒特征，以及预测其他可能感染斑马鱼的人类病毒。
