Svicher Valentina, Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca, Antinori Andrea, Aquaro Stefano, Perno Carlo Federico
Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014 Jun;11(2):186-94. doi: 10.1007/s11904-014-0207-y.
The spectrum of HIV-1 cellular reservoirs is highly diversified, and their role varies according to the milieu of the anatomical sites in which the virus replicates. In this light, mechanisms underlying HIV-1 persistence in anatomical compartments may be profoundly different from what is observed in peripheral blood. This scenario is further complicated by sub-optimal drug penetration in tissues allowing persistent and cryptic HIV-1 replication in body districts despite undetectable viremia. On this basis, this review aims at providing recent insights regarding the critical role of HIV-1 cellular reservoirs in different anatomical compartments, and their relationship with the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. A comprehensive definition of the complex interplay between the virus and its reservoir is critical in order to set up prophylactic and therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving the maximal virological suppression and hopefully in the near future the cure of HIV-1 infection (either functional or biological).
HIV-1细胞储存库的谱系高度多样化，其作用会因病毒复制所在解剖部位的环境而异。据此，HIV-1在解剖隔室中持续存在的机制可能与在外周血中观察到的情况截然不同。由于药物在组织中的渗透欠佳，尽管病毒血症检测不到，但体内某些区域仍会持续存在隐匿性HIV-1复制，这使得情况更加复杂。在此基础上，本综述旨在提供有关HIV-1细胞储存库在不同解剖隔室中的关键作用及其与HIV-1感染发病机制关系的最新见解。全面定义病毒与其储存库之间的复杂相互作用对于制定旨在实现最大程度病毒学抑制并有望在不久的将来治愈HIV-1感染（无论是功能性治愈还是生物学治愈）的预防和治疗策略至关重要。
