Lobb Cj
Dept. of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322.
Basal Ganglia. 2014 Apr 1;3(4):187-195. doi: 10.1016/j.baga.2013.11.002.
Despite remarkable advances in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing motor dysfunction remain unclear, possibly delaying the advent of new and improved therapies. Several such mechanisms have been proposed including changes in neuronal firing rates, the emergence of pathological oscillatory activity, increased neural synchronization, and abnormal bursting. This review focuses specifically on the role of abnormal bursting of basal ganglia neurons in PD, where a burst is a physiologically-relevant, transient increase in neuronal firing over some reference period or activity. After reviewing current methods for how bursts are detected and what the functional role of bursts may be under normal conditions, existing studies are reviewed that suggest that bursting is abnormally increased in PD and that this increases with worsening disease. Finally, the influence of therapeutic approaches for PD such as dopamine-replacement therapy with levodopa or dopamine agonists, lesions, or deep brain stimulation on bursting is discussed. Although there is insufficient evidence to conclude that increased bursting causes motor dysfunction in PD, current evidence suggests that targeted investigations into the role of bursting in PD may be warranted.
尽管帕金森病（PD）研究取得了显著进展，但导致运动功能障碍的病理生理机制仍不清楚，这可能会延迟新的和改进疗法的出现。已经提出了几种这样的机制，包括神经元放电率的变化、病理性振荡活动的出现、神经同步性增加和异常爆发。本综述特别关注基底神经节神经元异常爆发在PD中的作用，其中爆发是指在某个参考时间段或活动中神经元放电的生理相关短暂增加。在回顾了当前检测爆发的方法以及在正常情况下爆发的功能作用后，对现有研究进行了综述，这些研究表明PD中爆发异常增加，并且随着疾病的恶化而增加。最后，讨论了PD治疗方法，如左旋多巴或多巴胺激动剂的多巴胺替代疗法、损伤或深部脑刺激对爆发的影响。虽然没有足够的证据得出结论认为爆发增加会导致PD中的运动功能障碍，但目前的证据表明，有必要对爆发在PD中的作用进行有针对性的研究。
