Department of Psychology, Yale University.
Department of Psychology, New York University.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2014 Jul;20(3):370-6. doi: 10.1037/a0035096. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
The white male norm hypothesis (Zárate & Smith, 1990) posits that White men's race and gender go overlooked as a result of their prototypical social statuses. In contrast, the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) posits that people with membership in multiple subordinate social groups experience social invisibility as a result of their non-prototypical social statuses. The present research reconciles these contradictory theories and provides empirical support for the core assumption of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis-that intersectional targets are non-prototypical within their race and gender ingroups. In a speeded categorization task, participants were slower to associate Black women versus Black men with the category "Black" and slower to associate Black women versus White women with the category "woman." We discuss the implications of this work for social categorical theory development and future intersectionality research.
白人男性规范假说（Zárate & Smith，1990）认为，由于白人男性的典型社会地位，他们的种族和性别往往被忽视。相比之下，交叉性不可见性假说（Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach，2008）认为，由于多个从属社会群体的成员具有非典型的社会地位，他们会经历社会不可见性。本研究调和了这些相互矛盾的理论，并为交叉性不可见性假说的核心假设提供了实证支持——交叉性目标在其种族和性别群体内是非典型的。在一项快速分类任务中，参与者将黑人女性与“黑人”类别联系起来的速度比黑人男性慢，将黑人女性与“女性”类别联系起来的速度比白人女性慢。我们讨论了这项工作对社会分类理论发展和未来交叉性研究的意义。
