Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain.
Deparment of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
Nutrients. 2014 Apr 11;6(4):1475-87. doi: 10.3390/nu6041475.
A nutrition survey was carried out (food intake registration of three consecutive school days) in a randomly selected group of 353 schoolchildren (188 males and 165 females) with normal nutritional status. The average age of the surveyed students was 10.5 years (CI 95%: 10.3-11.7). There were no significant differences between both sexes in mean values for calorie intake (males: 2072.7 ± 261.7 and females: 2060.9 ± 250.6) and intake of macronutrients, minerals and vitamins. Cereals (34%), dairy products (19%) and meats (17%) were responsible for approximately 70% of total calorie intake. Protein accounted for 20.3% of energy intake, carbohydrates for 48.8%, total fat for 30.9%, and saturated fat for 12.6%. Cholesterol intake was excessive and over two-thirds of protein intake was from animal sources. The mean intakes of calcium, iodine and Vitamins A, D and E were below recommended levels. The dietary patterns of the schoolchildren with normal nutritional status differed from the Mediterranean diet. Intakes of meat were too high and dairy products and cereals consumption was relatively limited; while that of vegetables; legumes; fruits and fish were insufficient; leading to excessive protein and fat intake from animal sources and insufficient mineral (calcium and iodine) and Vitamins A; D and E intake.
对营养状况正常的 353 名学生（男 188 人，女 165 人）进行了营养调查（连续三天的食物摄入量登记）。调查学生的平均年龄为 10.5 岁（95%CI：10.3-11.7）。在热量摄入的平均值（男性：2072.7±261.7，女性：2060.9±250.6）以及宏量营养素、矿物质和维生素的摄入方面，男女之间没有显著差异。谷物（34%）、奶制品（19%）和肉类（17%）约占总热量摄入的 70%。蛋白质占能量摄入的 20.3%，碳水化合物占 48.8%，总脂肪占 30.9%，饱和脂肪占 12.6%。胆固醇摄入量过高，超过三分之二的蛋白质来自动物来源。钙、碘和维生素 A、D、E 的平均摄入量低于推荐水平。营养状况正常的学生的饮食模式与地中海饮食不同。肉类摄入过高，奶制品和谷物的摄入量相对有限；而蔬菜、豆类、水果和鱼类的摄入量不足；导致动物来源的蛋白质和脂肪摄入过多，矿物质（钙和碘）和维生素 A、D 和 E 摄入不足。
