Li Chaoyang, Wen Xiao-Jun, Pavkov Meda E, Zhao Guixiang, Balluz Lina S, Ford Earl S, Williams Desmond, Gotway Carol A
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
Am J Nephrol. 2014;39(4):306-13. doi: 10.1159/000360184. Epub 2014 Apr 12.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease as measured by biomarkers is increasing, but the recognition for this condition remains low in the USA. Little is known about the awareness of kidney disease at the state level.
Data from 490,302 adults aged 18 years or older in all 50 states as well as the District of Columbia who participated in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Kidney disease diagnosis, a measure of individual awareness, was ascertained by participants' self-report in the telephone survey. Prevalence ratios of self-reported kidney disease in subpopulations were estimated and tested using log-linear regression analyses with a robust variance estimator.
The unadjusted prevalence of self-reported kidney disease was estimated to be 2.5%. After adjustment for age and all other selected covariates, Hispanics had a higher prevalence than non-Hispanic whites (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4). Persons who were unemployed (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.5) had a higher prevalence than those who were employed. Persons who had hypertension (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.7-2.1), diabetes (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.8), cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction or stroke; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6) or cancer (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.6) had a higher prevalence of self-reported kidney disease than those without these conditions.
The overall awareness of kidney disease was low in the general population. Efforts are needed to promote the awareness and early detection of kidney disease in public health services and clinical practice.
通过生物标志物测定的慢性肾脏病患病率正在上升，但在美国，对这种疾病的认知度仍然较低。关于州一级对肾脏疾病的知晓情况知之甚少。
分析了来自50个州以及哥伦比亚特区的490302名18岁及以上成年人的数据，这些人参与了2011年行为危险因素监测系统。通过电话调查中参与者的自我报告来确定肾脏疾病诊断，这是个体知晓情况的一项指标。使用具有稳健方差估计器的对数线性回归分析来估计和检验亚人群中自我报告的肾脏疾病患病率比值。
自我报告的肾脏疾病未经调整的患病率估计为2.5%。在对年龄和所有其他选定协变量进行调整后，西班牙裔的患病率高于非西班牙裔白人（调整后的患病率比值为1.2，95%可信区间为1.0 - 1.4）。失业者（调整后的患病率比值为1.4，95%可信区间为1.2 - 1.5）的患病率高于就业者。患有高血压（调整后的患病率比值为1.9，95%可信区间为1.7 - 2.1）、糖尿病（调整后的患病率比值为1.7，95%可信区间为1.5 - 1.8）、心血管疾病（冠心病、心肌梗死或中风；调整后的患病率比值为1.5，95%可信区间为1.4 - 1.6）或癌症（调整后的患病率比值为1.5，95%可信区间为1.3 - 1.6）的人自我报告的肾脏疾病患病率高于没有这些疾病的人。
普通人群对肾脏疾病的总体认知度较低。需要在公共卫生服务和临床实践中努力提高对肾脏疾病的认知度和早期检测率。
