Nilsson Stefan, Finnström Berit, Mörelius Evalotte, Forsner Maria
School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden ; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 457, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Nursing, Health and Culture, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden.
Nurs Res Pract. 2014;2014:628198. doi: 10.1155/2014/628198. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
Needle fear is a common problem in children undergoing immunization. To ensure that the individual child's needs are met during a painful procedure it would be beneficial to be able to predict whether there is a need for extra support. The self-reporting instrument facial affective scale (FAS) could have potential for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the FAS can predict pain unpleasantness in girls undergoing immunization. Girls, aged 11-12 years, reported their expected pain unpleasantness on the FAS at least two weeks before and then experienced pain unpleasantness immediately before each vaccination. The experienced pain unpleasantness during the vaccination was also reported immediately after each immunization. The level of anxiety was similarly assessed during each vaccination and supplemented with stress measures in relation to the procedure in order to assess and evaluate concurrent validity. The results show that the FAS is valid to predict pain unpleasantness in 11-12-year-old girls who undergo immunizations and that it has the potential to be a feasible instrument to identify children who are in need of extra support to cope with immunization. In conclusion, the FAS measurement can facilitate caring interventions.
对接受免疫接种的儿童来说，害怕打针是个常见问题。为确保在痛苦的接种过程中满足每个孩子的需求，若能预测是否需要额外支持将大有裨益。自我报告工具面部情感量表（FAS）可能适用于此目的。本研究旨在评估FAS能否预测接受免疫接种的女孩的疼痛不适感。11至12岁的女孩在至少两周前通过FAS报告她们预期的疼痛不适感，然后在每次接种前即刻体验疼痛不适感。每次接种后也会即刻报告接种期间体验到的疼痛不适感。在每次接种期间同样评估焦虑水平，并辅以与接种程序相关的压力测量，以评估和验证同时效度。结果表明，FAS对于预测接受免疫接种的11至12岁女孩的疼痛不适感是有效的，并且它有可能成为识别那些需要额外支持以应对免疫接种的儿童的可行工具。总之，FAS测量有助于护理干预。
