Goodenough B, Brouwer N, Abu-Saad HH, Champion GD
Pain Research Unit, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
Eur J Pain. 1999 Dec;3(4):301-315. doi: 10.1053/eujp.1999.0136.
To what degree can facial expression scales help children differentiate between the sensory and emotional aspects of the pain experience? This study examined the relationship between children's ratings on the Faces Pain Scale (an intensity measure), the Facial Affective Scale (an affective measure), and a paired mechanical visual analogue (MVAS) method for measuring the intensity and unpleasantness of pain. It was predicted that ratings on the Faces Pain Scale should correlate best with the MVAS measure of pain intensity rather than unpleasantness. Likewise, ratings on the Facial Affective Scale should correlate best with the MVAS measure of pain unpleasantness (assumed to reflect an emotional dimension) rather than intensity. Eighty children scheduled for blood sampling were selected in two age groups: 4 to 6, and 7 to 10 years. Children rated needle pain using each pain scale. As hypothesized, ratings on the Faces Pain Scale correlated more highly with the MVAS ratings for intensity (r =0.77) than for unpleasantness (r =0.52). A smaller reverse finding was confirmed for the Facial Affective Scale which correlated more highly with the MVAS for unpleasantness (r =0.64) than for intensity (r =0.51). Factor analysis indicated that 'pain dimension' (intensity vs affect) was a relatively weak factor as compared with shared instrument variance (two MVAS vs two face scales). No systematic age effects were observed. In conclusion, the Faces Pain Scale and the Facial Affective Scale may partly measure different aspects of the pain experience in children, although it remains to be determined to what degree the obtained differences are clinically meaningful. Copyright 1999 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
面部表情量表在多大程度上能帮助儿童区分疼痛体验的感觉和情感方面？本研究考察了儿童在面部疼痛量表（一种强度测量工具）、面部情感量表（一种情感测量工具）上的评分，以及一种用于测量疼痛强度和不愉快程度的配对机械视觉模拟量表（MVAS）之间的关系。研究预测，面部疼痛量表的评分与MVAS疼痛强度测量的相关性应高于与不愉快程度测量的相关性。同样，面部情感量表的评分与MVAS疼痛不愉快程度测量（假定反映情感维度）的相关性应高于与强度测量的相关性。选取了80名计划进行采血的儿童，分为两个年龄组：4至6岁和7至10岁。儿童使用每种疼痛量表对面部疼痛进行评分。如假设的那样，面部疼痛量表的评分与MVAS强度评分（r = 0.77）的相关性高于与不愉快程度评分（r = 0.52）的相关性。面部情感量表得到了较小的相反结果，其与MVAS不愉快程度评分（r = 0.64）的相关性高于与强度评分（r = 0.51）的相关性。因子分析表明，与共同的工具方差（两个MVAS与两个面部量表）相比，“疼痛维度”（强度与情感）是一个相对较弱的因子。未观察到系统的年龄效应。总之，面部疼痛量表和面部情感量表可能部分测量了儿童疼痛体验的不同方面，尽管所获得的差异在临床上有多大意义仍有待确定。版权所有1999年国际疼痛研究协会欧洲分会联盟。
