Mosti Mats P, Carlsen Trude, Aas Elisabeth, Hoff Jan, Stunes Astrid K, Syversen Unni
Departments of 1Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; and 2Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Departments of 3Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; and 4Endocrinology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2935-45. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000493.
-Exercise guidelines highlight maximizing bone mass early in life as a strategy to prevent osteoporosis. Which intervention is most effective for this purpose remains unclear. This study investigated the musculoskeletal effects of high acceleration, maximal strength training (MST), in young adult women. Thirty healthy women (22 ± 2 years) were randomly assigned to a training group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG completed 12 weeks of squat MST, executed at 85-90% of maximal strength 1 repetition maximum (1RM), emphasizing progressive loading and high acceleration in the concentric phase. The CG was encouraged to follow the American College of Sports Medicine's exercise guidelines for skeletal health. Measurements included bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, dynamic and isometric rate of force development (RFD), and squat 1RM. Serum levels of type 1 collagen amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), type 1 collagen C breakdown products (CTX), and sclerostin were analyzed by immunoassays. In the TG, lumbar spine and total hip BMD increased by 2.2 and 1.0%, whereas serum P1NP increased by 26.2%. Dynamic RFD and 1RM improved by 81.7 and 97.7%, and isometric RFD improved by 38% at 100 milliseconds. These improvements were significantly greater than those observed in the CG. Within the CG, dynamic RFD and 1RM increased by 27.2 and 12.9% while no other significant changes occurred. These findings suggest that squat MST may serve as a simple, time-efficient strategy to optimize peak bone mass in early adulthood.
运动指南强调在生命早期使骨量最大化是预防骨质疏松症的一项策略。为此哪种干预措施最有效仍不清楚。本研究调查了高加速度、最大力量训练（MST）对年轻成年女性肌肉骨骼系统的影响。30名健康女性（22±2岁）被随机分为训练组（TG）和对照组（CG）。训练组完成了12周的深蹲MST，以最大力量1次重复最大值（1RM）的85 - 90%进行，强调在向心阶段逐渐增加负荷和高加速度。鼓励对照组遵循美国运动医学学院关于骨骼健康的运动指南。测量指标包括通过双能X线吸收法测定的骨密度（BMD）和身体成分、动态和等长力量发展速率（RFD）以及深蹲1RM。通过免疫测定法分析血清中1型胶原蛋白氨基端前肽（P1NP）、1型胶原蛋白C端降解产物（CTX）和硬化蛋白的水平。在训练组中，腰椎和全髋部骨密度分别增加了2.2%和1.0%，而血清P1NP增加了26.2%。动态RFD和1RM分别提高了81.7%和97.7%，等长RFD在100毫秒时提高了38%。这些改善显著大于在对照组中观察到的改善。在对照组中，动态RFD和1RM分别增加了27.2%和12.9%，而没有发生其他显著变化。这些发现表明，深蹲MST可能是在成年早期优化峰值骨量的一种简单、省时的策略。
