Chang Jingbo, Zhou Guihua, Christensen Erik R, Heideman Robert, Chen Junhong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Jun;406(16):3957-75. doi: 10.1007/s00216-014-7804-x. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
Graphene (G) is attracting significant attention because of its unique physical and electronic properties. The production of graphene through the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is a low-cost method. The reduction of GO can further lead to electrically conductive reduced GO. These graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive for high-performance water sensors due to their unique properties, such as high specific surface areas, high electron mobilities, and exceptionally low electronic noise. Because of potential risks to the environment and human health arising from heavy-metal pollution in water, G-/GO-based water sensors are being developed for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy-metal ions. In this review, a general introduction to graphene and GO properties, as well as their syntheses, is provided. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and electrical detection of heavy-metal ions using graphene or GO are then highlighted. Finally, challenges facing G/GO-based water sensor development and outlook for future research are discussed.
石墨烯（G）因其独特的物理和电子特性而备受关注。通过还原氧化石墨烯（GO）来制备石墨烯是一种低成本的方法。GO的还原可进一步得到具有导电性的还原氧化石墨烯。这些基于石墨烯的纳米材料因其独特性能，如高比表面积、高电子迁移率和极低的电子噪声，对高性能水传感器具有吸引力。由于水中重金属污染对环境和人类健康存在潜在风险，基于G-/GO的水传感器正在被开发用于快速、灵敏地检测重金属离子。在本综述中，将对石墨烯和GO的性质及其合成方法进行概述。然后重点介绍使用石墨烯或GO对重金属离子进行光学、电化学和电学检测的最新进展。最后，讨论了基于G/GO的水传感器开发面临的挑战以及未来研究的展望。
