Reid M, Landesman S, Treder R, Jaccard J
University of Washington.
Child Dev. 1989 Aug;60(4):896-910.
A psychometrically sound instrument is essential for the study of children's subjective impressions about social support. To evaluate such an instrument, 249 children, 6-12 years old, from a population-based sample of black and white families (50% single mothers, 50% two parents) were studied. The newly developed instrument, "My Family and Friends," consists of 12 dialogues, based on Vygotskian principles, and yields information about (a) children's perceptions of the availability of individuals in their networks to provide different types of social support and (b) their satisfaction with the help they receive. Children collaborate in interactive dialogues and manipulate personalized props. Collectively, the data indicate that subjective impressions about social support can be measured in a reliable and valid manner from early childhood through adolescence, and that children understand and care about the quality and the differentiation of support (i.e., emotional, informational, instrumental, and companionship) within their social support networks. Further, children report significant variations in social support when undergoing major family upheaval.
一个心理测量学上合理的工具对于研究儿童对社会支持的主观印象至关重要。为了评估这样一个工具，我们对来自以黑人和白人家庭为基础的样本（50%为单身母亲家庭，50%为双亲家庭）的249名6至12岁儿童进行了研究。新开发的工具“我的家人和朋友”由12个对话组成，基于维果茨基原理，可提供有关以下方面的信息：（a）儿童对其社交网络中个人提供不同类型社会支持的可获得性的认知，以及（b）他们对所获得帮助的满意度。儿童在互动对话中合作并操作个性化道具。总体而言，数据表明，从幼儿期到青少年期，可以以可靠且有效的方式测量儿童对社会支持的主观印象，并且儿童理解并关心其社会支持网络中支持的质量和差异（即情感、信息、工具性和陪伴性支持）。此外，儿童报告说，在经历重大家庭变故时，社会支持存在显著差异。
