Bianchi Renzo, Truchot Didier, Laurent Eric, Brisson Romain, Schonfeld Irvin Sam
University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Scand J Psychol. 2014 Aug;55(4):357-61. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12119. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
Within the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout, burnout is viewed as a work-specific condition. As a consequence, the burnout syndrome cannot be investigated outside of the occupational domain. In the present paper, this restrictive view of burnout's scope is criticized and a rationale to decide between a work-specific and a generic approach to burnout is presented. First, the idea that a multidimensional conception of burnout implies a work-restricted scope is deconstructed. Second, it is shown that the burnout phenomenon cannot be confined to work because chronic, unresolvable stress - the putative cause of burnout - is not limited to work. In support of an integrative view of health, it is concluded that the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout should abandon as groundless the idea that burnout is a specifically job-related phenomenon and define burnout as a multi-domain syndrome. The shift from a work-specific to a generic approach would allow both finer analysis and wider synthesis in research on chronic stress and burnout.
在主导该领域的倦怠多维理论中，倦怠被视为一种特定于工作的状况。因此，无法在职业领域之外对倦怠综合征进行研究。在本文中，对这种对倦怠范围的限制性观点提出了批评，并给出了在特定于工作的倦怠研究方法和通用的倦怠研究方法之间做出抉择的理由。首先，解构了倦怠的多维概念意味着范围受限这一观点。其次，表明倦怠现象不能局限于工作，因为慢性、无法解决的压力（倦怠的假定成因）并不局限于工作。为支持健康的综合观点，得出结论：主导该领域的倦怠多维理论应摒弃倦怠是一种特定于工作的现象这一无根据的观点，并将倦怠定义为一种多领域综合征。从特定于工作的方法转向通用方法将使慢性压力和倦怠研究能够进行更精细的分析和更广泛的综合。
