Matthews Karen A, Hall Martica, Dahl Ronald E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
Pediatrics. 2014 May;133(5):e1189-96. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-2399.
Inadequate sleep among adolescents has negative consequences for self-regulation, emotional well-being, and risk behaviors. Using multiple assessment methods, we evaluated the adequacy of sleep among healthy adolescents from a lower socioeconomic community and expected differences by race.
A total of 250 healthy high school students enrolled in public school (mean age: 15.7 years; 57% black, 54% female) from families of low to middle class according to the Hollingshead scale participated in weeklong assessments of sleep duration and fragmentation, assessed by using actigraphy; sleep duration and perceived quality, assessed by using daily diaries; and daytime sleepiness and sleep delay, assessed by using a questionnaire.
Students slept during the school week a mean ± SD of 6.0 ± 0.9 hours per night according to actigraphy and 6.8 ± 1.1 hours according to daily diary, and during the weekend, a mean of 7.4 ± 1.2 and 8.7 ± 1.4 hours, respectively. Black participants and male participants slept less and had more fragmented sleep; female participants reported poorer quality of sleep in their daily diaries and more daytime sleepiness. The results remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, smoking status, and percentile BMI.
Most students slept less than the 8 to 9 hours suggested by the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Black male participants had the least amount of sleep, which may play a role in the substantial risks experienced by this demographic group. Our findings are consistent with recommendations that pediatricians should routinely screen their adolescent patients about their sleep, especially those from at-risk subgroups.
青少年睡眠不足会对自我调节、情绪健康和危险行为产生负面影响。我们采用多种评估方法，评估了来自社会经济地位较低社区的健康青少年的睡眠充足情况，并预期了种族差异。
根据霍林斯黑德量表，共有250名来自低至中等收入家庭的公立学校健康高中生（平均年龄：15.7岁；57%为黑人，54%为女性）参与了为期一周的睡眠时长和睡眠碎片化评估（通过活动记录仪进行评估）、睡眠时长和感知质量评估（通过每日日记进行评估）以及日间嗜睡和睡眠延迟评估（通过问卷调查进行评估）。
根据活动记录仪，学生在上学期间每晚平均睡眠时长为6.0±0.9小时，根据每日日记则为6.8±1.1小时；在周末，平均睡眠时长分别为7.4±1.2小时和8.7±1.4小时。黑人参与者和男性参与者睡眠较少且睡眠碎片化程度更高；女性参与者在每日日记中报告睡眠质量较差且日间嗜睡情况更严重。在对年龄、体育活动、吸烟状况和BMI百分位数进行调整后，结果仍然显著。
大多数学生的睡眠时间少于疾病控制与预防中心指南建议的8至9小时。黑人男性参与者睡眠最少，这可能在该人群面临的重大风险中起作用。我们的研究结果与儿科医生应常规筛查青少年患者睡眠情况的建议一致，尤其是那些来自高危亚组的患者。
