Tabrizi Fatemeh Moghaddam, Pakdel Firouz Ghaderi
Nursing and Midwifery College, Urmia Reproductive Health Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Physiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014 Apr;29(2):174-80. doi: 10.1007/s12291-013-0336-x. Epub 2013 May 21.
Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother's physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of micronutrients Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) of pregnant woman and their relations with newborns levels. Serum levels of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper of 162 pregnant women and their newborns were determined by an inductively couple plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). The results showed that majority (41 %) of pregnant women were in age group 26-36 years 55 % had high school and diploma levels of education and the total income ranged between 3 and 5 Rials million per month There was significant difference in iron levels during first, second and third trimesters, 76.0 ± 17.8, 63.5 ± 15.2 and 70.1 ± 14.4 μg/dl respectively. Significant difference was shown in zinc levels 79.5 ± 15, 74.5 ± 16.1, and 65.3 ± 14.9 μg/dl during three trimesters. Copper levels during pregnancy were significantly different (130.9 ± 43.5, 172.0 ± 38.94, 193.2 ± 28.5 μg/dl. The serum levels of calcium and magnesium during pregnancy were constant (Ca: 8.96 ± 0.48, 8.86 ± 0.47, 8.91 ± 0.42 mg/dl and Mg: 2.10 ± 0.21, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.09 ± 0.29 mg/dl). Results showed that 13 % of pregnant women had hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Thirty eight percent and 42 % of pregnant women had iron and zinc deficiency respectively. In this study, unlike zinc, no pregnant women were found deficient in serum copper levels. Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium levels in the newborn's cord blood were 8.93 ± 0.43, 106.0 ± 26.1, 85.35 ± 16.6, 57.04 ± 13.8 and 1.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl respectively. In the present study the levels of iron and zinc in cord blood were higher than the levels of iron and zinc in maternal serum. The mean level of copper in cord blood serum in the current study was lower than maternal values. The mean serum calcium and magnesium in the serum cord blood and in the serum of the pregnant women were similar.
孕期母亲的生理变化以及胎儿生长发育的需求会导致各种微量元素的浓度发生改变。本纵向研究的目的是了解孕妇体内铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）、锌（Zn）、镁（Mg）和铜（Cu）等微量营养素的变化及其与新生儿体内相应元素水平的关系。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP/MS）测定了162名孕妇及其新生儿血清中铁、钙、锌、镁和铜的水平。结果显示，大多数（41%）孕妇年龄在26 - 36岁之间，55%的孕妇具有高中及以上学历，月总收入在300万至500万里亚尔之间。孕早期、中期和晚期的铁水平存在显著差异，分别为76.0±17.8、63.5±15.2和70.1±14.4μg/dl。三个孕期的锌水平也有显著差异，分别为79.5±15、74.5±16.1和65.3±14.9μg/dl。孕期铜水平差异显著（130.9±43.5、172.0±38.94、193.2±28.5μg/dl）。孕期血清钙和镁水平保持稳定（钙：8.96±0.48、8.86±0.47、8.91±0.42mg/dl；镁：2.10±0.21、2.08±0.28、2.09±0.29mg/dl）。结果表明，13%的孕妇存在低钙血症和低镁血症。分别有38%和42%的孕妇缺铁和缺锌。在本研究中，与锌不同，未发现孕妇血清铜水平缺乏。新生儿脐带血中钙、铁、锌、铜和镁的水平分别为8.93±0.43、106.0±26.1、85.35±16.6、57.04±13.8和1.99±0.27mg/dl。在本研究中，脐带血中铁和锌的水平高于母体血清中铁和锌的水平。本研究中脐带血血清铜的平均水平低于母体值。脐带血血清和孕妇血清中的钙和镁平均水平相似。
