Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA,
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Jun;14(6):452. doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0452-x.
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency with a high mortality. Early recognition and initiation of treatment leads to a better response and may improve outcomes. Refractory status epilepticus is defined as recurrent seizure activity despite two appropriately selected and dosed antiepileptic drugs including a benzodiazepine. The term "super-refractory status epilepticus" was introduced during the London-Innsbruck Colloquium on status epilepticus in 2011 and refers to status epilepticus that continues or recurs 24 h or more after the initiation of treatment with anesthetic antiepileptic drugs. This includes cases in which seizure control is attained after induction of anesthesia but recurs on weaning the patient off the anesthetic agent. This article reviews the approach to refractory status epilepticus and super-refractory status epilepticus, including management as well as common pathophysiological causes of these entities.
癫痫持续状态是一种具有高死亡率的医疗急症。早期识别和开始治疗可导致更好的反应，并可能改善预后。难治性癫痫持续状态定义为尽管使用了两种适当选择和剂量的抗癫痫药物（包括苯二氮䓬类药物），仍反复发作。术语“超难治性癫痫持续状态”是在 2011 年伦敦-因斯布鲁克癫痫持续状态学术研讨会上提出的，指的是在使用麻醉性抗癫痫药物开始治疗后 24 小时或更长时间仍持续或复发的癫痫持续状态。这包括在诱导麻醉后控制发作但在患者脱离麻醉剂时复发的情况。本文综述了难治性癫痫持续状态和超难治性癫痫持续状态的治疗方法，包括管理以及这些疾病的常见病理生理原因。
