Siega-Riz Anna Maria, Sotres-Alvarez Daniela, Ayala Guadalupe X, Ginsberg Mindy, Himes John H, Liu Kiang, Loria Catherine M, Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin, Rock Cheryl L, Rodriguez Brendaly, Gellman Marc D, Van Horn Linda
From the Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition (AMS-R) and Biostatistics and the Collaborative Studies Coordinator Center (DS-A), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; the Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA (GXA); the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (MG and YM-R); the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN (JHH); the Departments of Preventive Medicine (KL) and Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (LVH), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; the Epidemiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (CML); the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Moores University of California at San Diego Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA (CLR); and the Department of Psychology, Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (BR and MDG).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;99(6):1487-98. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.082685. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
Hispanics are a heterogeneous group of individuals with a variation in dietary habits that is reflective of their cultural heritage and country of origin. It is important to identify differences in their dietary habits because it has been well established that nutrition contributes substantially to the burden of preventable diseases and early deaths in the United States.
We estimated the distribution of usual intakes (of both food groups and nutrients) by Hispanic and Latino backgrounds by using National Cancer Institute methodology.
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort study that recruited participants who were 18-74 y of age from 4 US cities in 2008-2011 (Miami, Bronx, Chicago, and San Diego). Participants who provided at least one 24-h dietary recall and completed a food propensity questionnaire (n = 13,285) were included in the analyses. Results were adjusted for age, sex, field center, weekend, sequencing, and typical amount of intake.
Overall, Cubans (n = 2128) had higher intakes of total energy, macronutrients (including all subtypes of fat), and alcohol than those of other groups. Mexicans (n = 5371) had higher intakes of vitamin C, calcium, and fiber. Lowest intakes of total energy, macronutrients, folate, iron, and calcium were reported by Dominicans (n = 1217), whereas Puerto Ricans (n = 2176) had lowest intakes of vitamin C and fiber. Food-group servings reflected nutrient intakes, with Cubans having higher intakes of refined grains, vegetables, red meat, and fats and Dominicans having higher intakes of fruit and poultry, whereas Puerto Ricans had lowest intakes of fruit and vegetables. Central and South Americans (n = 1468 and 925, respectively) were characterized by being second in their reported intakes of fruit and poultry and the highest in fish intake in comparison with other groups.
Variations in diet noted in this study, with additional analysis, may help explain diet-related differences in health outcomes observed in Hispanics and Latinos.
西班牙裔是一个由饮食习惯各异的个体组成的异质群体，其饮食习惯反映了他们的文化传承和原籍国。识别他们饮食习惯的差异很重要，因为已有充分证据表明，营养对美国可预防疾病负担和过早死亡有重大影响。
我们采用美国国立癌症研究所的方法，估计了西班牙裔和拉丁裔背景人群常见食物摄入量（包括食物类别和营养素）的分布情况。
西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究是一项基于人群的队列研究，于2008年至2011年从美国4个城市（迈阿密、布朗克斯、芝加哥和圣地亚哥）招募了18至74岁的参与者。分析纳入了提供至少一次24小时饮食回忆并完成食物倾向问卷的参与者（n = 13285）。结果针对年龄、性别、研究中心、周末、记录顺序和通常摄入量进行了调整。
总体而言，古巴人（n = 2128）的总能量、宏量营养素（包括所有脂肪亚型）和酒精摄入量高于其他群体。墨西哥人（n = 5371）的维生素C、钙和纤维摄入量较高。多米尼加人（n = 1217）报告的总能量、宏量营养素、叶酸、铁和钙摄入量最低，而波多黎各人（n = 2176）的维生素C和纤维摄入量最低。食物类别摄入量反映了营养素摄入量，古巴人精制谷物、蔬菜、红肉和脂肪的摄入量较高，多米尼加人水果和家禽的摄入量较高，而波多黎各人水果和蔬菜的摄入量最低。与其他群体相比，中美洲人和南美洲人（分别为n = 1468和925）的特点是水果和家禽摄入量排名第二，鱼类摄入量最高。
本研究中发现的饮食差异，经过进一步分析，可能有助于解释西班牙裔和拉丁裔人群中观察到的与饮食相关的健康结果差异。
