Ji Lixuan, Sundaresan Janaki, Cranny Cailey, Pan Ke, Downs Danielle Symons, Gunderson Erica P, Mishra Gita, Pauley Abigail, Potts Kaitlin S, Shikany James M, Sotres-Alvarez Daniela, Wise Lauren A, Harville Emily W
School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Celia Scott Weatherhead Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 18;17(12):2035. doi: 10.3390/nu17122035.
Preconception diet and nutritional status are important determinants of reproductive and pregnancy health. As a comprehensive evaluation, this paper describes harmonization of diet data across multiple cohorts including over 50,000 participants and the differences between them. This information may be useful for developing targeted strategies to improve women's diet prior to pregnancy for optimal prenatal health outcomes.
The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures influencing health and Development (PrePARED) consortium incorporates studies covering the preconception period and includes both couples planning pregnancy and studies covering the reproductive period but not focused on pregnancy. We harmonized data on 56,520 participants from seven cohort studies that collected data during the preconception period. We generated data on diet quality according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) nutrition checklist to examine diet quality measures across the cohorts and compare estimates of diet quality across studies. Four studies used food frequency questionnaires; one used a study-specific diet history; one used two 24 h dietary recalls; and one used a short series of general diet questions. Positive responses on the six FIGO questions were tallied to calculate a total diet quality score.
Cohort samples varied in terms of age; socioeconomic status; race; ethnicity; and geographic region. Across the cohorts, participants met a median of three or four of the FIGO criteria for diet quality; those most commonly met were recommendations for consumption of meat and protein, while those least commonly met were recommendations for limiting consumption of processed foods and snacks. There was greater variation in meeting recommendations for the consumption of fruits and vegetables; dairy; fish; and whole grains. The percentage meeting ≤ 2 criteria ranged from 6.4% (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) to 40.4% (Bogalusa Heart Study).
There was wide variability across preconception cohort studies in the extent to which participants met FIGO dietary guidelines. Although studies were conducted in populations that were not likely to be malnourished, it was rare for women to meet all the preconception dietary recommendations. These findings illustrate a need for strategies to promote meeting dietary guidelines prior to conception to improve health outcomes.
孕前饮食和营养状况是生殖与妊娠健康的重要决定因素。作为一项综合评估，本文描述了来自多个队列的50000多名参与者的饮食数据的协调情况以及它们之间的差异。这些信息可能有助于制定有针对性的策略，以改善女性孕前饮食，实现最佳的产前健康结果。
孕前风险与暴露对健康和发育影响分析（PrePARED）联盟纳入了涵盖孕前阶段的研究，包括计划怀孕的夫妇以及涵盖生殖期但不聚焦于怀孕情况的研究。我们对来自七项队列研究的56520名参与者的数据进行了协调，这些研究在孕前阶段收集了数据。我们根据国际妇产科联合会（FIGO）营养检查表生成了饮食质量数据，以检查各队列中的饮食质量指标，并比较不同研究中的饮食质量估计值。四项研究使用了食物频率问卷；一项使用了特定研究的饮食史；一项使用了两次24小时饮食回顾；一项使用了一系列简短的一般饮食问题。对FIGO的六个问题的肯定回答进行计数，以计算总饮食质量得分。
各队列样本在年龄、社会经济地位、种族、族裔和地理区域方面存在差异。在所有队列中，参与者达到FIGO饮食质量标准的中位数为三项或四项；最常达到的标准是关于肉类和蛋白质摄入的建议，而最不常达到的标准是关于限制加工食品和零食摄入的建议。在达到水果和蔬菜摄入、乳制品摄入、鱼类摄入和全谷物摄入建议方面存在更大差异。达到≤2项标准的百分比范围从6.4%（年轻成年人冠状动脉风险发展研究）到40.4%（博加卢萨心脏研究）。
在孕前队列研究中，参与者达到FIGO饮食指南的程度存在很大差异。尽管这些研究是在不太可能营养不良的人群中进行的，但女性很少能达到所有孕前饮食建议。这些发现表明需要制定策略，以促进在受孕前达到饮食指南，从而改善健康结果。
