Kleiber Joseph R, Unelius C Rikard, Lee Jana C, Suckling David Maxwell, Qian Michael C, Bruck Denny J
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2014 Apr;43(2):439-47. doi: 10.1603/EN13224.
Laboratory screening bioassays and field trapping experiments of spotted wing drosophila flies, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), were conducted to determine the attractiveness of 17 compounds as well as to compare attractant efficiency during peak fruit ripeness and postharvest captures late in the season. Compounds structurally related to each of the fermentation products acetic acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and 2-phenethyl alcohol were screened for attractiveness compared with a soap water control in greenhouse cage bioassays. The compounds determined to be attractive in the greenhouse bioassay (methanol, ethanol, propanol, formic acid, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, phenethyl acetate, phenethyl propionate, and phenethyl butyrate) were individually tested in the field added to apple cider vinegar (ACV). The acids were also tested individually in neutralized ACV (NACV; pH ≍7). Combinations of the compounds were tested in NACV. The capture numbers in ACV traps were not significantly increased by the addition of any of the compounds tested, although significant deterrent effects of some of the compounds allowed differences between treatments to be observed. Compounds that are most prevalent in wine and vinegar (methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate) as well as phenethyl propionate and phenethyl butyrate were less deterrent than the other compounds tested in the field. Captures during peak fruit ripeness were compared with the postharvest period when fruit hosts were not available or were overripe. Although the total number of flies captured late in the season was lower, the trends in treatment performance were similar, indicating a consistent performance of these baits from peak fruit ripeness through postharvest.
对铃木氏果蝇（Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)，双翅目：果蝇科）进行了实验室筛选生物测定和田间诱捕实验，以确定17种化合物的吸引力，并比较果实成熟高峰期和季节后期收获后捕获时引诱剂的效率。在温室笼中生物测定中，将与发酵产物乙酸、乙醇、乙酸乙酯和2-苯乙醇结构相关的化合物与肥皂水对照进行吸引力筛选。在温室生物测定中确定具有吸引力的化合物（甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、甲酸、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯和苯丁酸乙酯）分别添加到苹果醋（ACV）中在田间进行测试。这些酸也分别在中和的ACV（NACV；pH≍7）中进行测试。这些化合物的组合在NACV中进行测试。添加任何测试化合物后，ACV诱捕器中的捕获数量均未显著增加，尽管某些化合物有显著的驱避作用，使得不同处理之间的差异得以观察到。在葡萄酒和醋中最常见的化合物（甲醇、乙醇、乙酸和乙酸乙酯）以及苯丙酸乙酯和苯丁酸乙酯在田间测试时的驱避作用小于其他测试化合物。将果实成熟高峰期的捕获量与收获后时期（此时果实寄主不可用或已过熟）的捕获量进行比较。尽管季节后期捕获的果蝇总数较低，但处理效果的趋势相似，表明从果实成熟高峰期到收获后，这些诱饵的性能一致。
