Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit Chemical Ecology Horticulture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Aug 10;115(4):999-1007. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac029.
Since the early phase of the intercontinental dispersal of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), fermentation baits have been used for monitoring. Self-made lures and commercial products are often based on wine and vinegar. From an ecological perspective, the formulation of these baits is expected to target especially vinegar flies associated with overripe fruit, such as Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) (Ascomycota: Saccharomyceta) is a yeast closely associated with D. suzukii and fruit, and furthermore attractive to the flies. Based on this relation, H. uvarum might represent a suitable substrate for the development of lures that are more specific than vinegar and wine. In the field, we therefore, compared H. uvarum to a commercial bait that was based on vinegar and wine with respect to the number of trapped D. suzukii relative to other drosophilids and arthropods. Trap captures were higher with the commercial bait but specificity for D. suzukii was greater with H. uvarum. Moreover, H. uvarum headspace extracts, as well as a synthetic blend of H. uvarum volatiles, were assayed for attraction of D suzukii in a wind tunnel and in the field. Headspace extracts and the synthetic blend induced strong upwind flight in the wind tunnel and confirmed attraction to H. uvarum volatiles. Furthermore, baited with H. uvarum headspace extract and a drowning solution of aqueous acetic acid and ethanol, 74% of field captured arthropods were D. suzukii. Our findings suggest that synthetic yeast headspace formulations might advance the development of more selective monitoring traps with reduced by-catch.
自果蝇属铃木氏亚种（Matsumura）（双翅目：果蝇科）的洲际扩散早期以来，发酵诱饵就被用于监测。自制诱饵和商业产品通常基于葡萄酒和醋。从生态角度来看，这些诱饵的配方有望针对与过熟水果有关的醋蝇，如黑腹果蝇（Meigen）（双翅目：果蝇科）。汉逊酵母（Niehaus）（子囊菌门：酵母目）是一种与果蝇属铃木氏亚种密切相关的酵母，而且对果蝇有吸引力。基于这种关系，汉逊酵母可能代表了一种比醋和酒更具特异性的诱饵开发的合适基质。因此，在野外，我们将汉逊酵母与基于醋和酒的商业诱饵进行了比较，比较了它们相对于其他果蝇和节肢动物捕获果蝇属铃木氏亚种的数量。商业诱饵的捕获量更高，但汉逊酵母对果蝇属铃木氏亚种的特异性更强。此外，我们还在风洞中和野外对汉逊酵母的顶空提取物以及汉逊酵母挥发物的合成混合物进行了测试，以评估它们对果蝇属铃木氏亚种的吸引力。顶空提取物和合成混合物在风洞中诱导了强烈的顺风飞行，并证实了对汉逊酵母挥发物的吸引力。此外，用汉逊酵母顶空提取物和水合乙酸和乙醇的溺水溶液进行诱捕，74%的野外捕获的节肢动物是果蝇属铃木氏亚种。我们的研究结果表明，合成酵母顶空配方可能会推进更具选择性的监测陷阱的发展，减少附带捕获。
