Gillespie Alex, Cornish Flora
Department of Social Psychology, London School of Economics, WC2A 2AE, London, UK,
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2014 Dec;48(4):435-52. doi: 10.1007/s12124-014-9265-3.
Much social science research entails interpreting the meaning of utterances, that is, phrases spoken, written or gestured. But how should researchers interpret the meaning of such utterances? A recent surge of research, informed by dialogism, emphasizes the contextual, social and unfinished nature of meaning. The present article operationalizes dialogism theory into six 'sensitizing questions' which can guide analysis. The questions are: (1) What is the context? (2) What is the speaker doing? (3) Who is being addressed? (4) Who is doing the talking? (5) What future is constituted? (6) What are the responses? Each question (and 16 sub-questions) is illustrated by analyzing the potential meanings of a single utterance. The article is a contribution to the development of new forms of 'method' for interpretative qualitative research. These methods aid the 'human instrument' to become a sensitive, theoretically-informed, and accountable analyst.
许多社会科学研究需要阐释话语的意义，即通过说、写或手势表达的短语。但是，研究人员应该如何阐释这些话语的意义呢？最近受对话主义影响的大量研究强调了意义的语境性、社会性和未完成性。本文将对话主义理论具体化为六个“敏感问题”，这些问题可以指导分析。这些问题是：（1）语境是什么？（2）说话者在做什么？（3）话语是针对谁的？（4）谁在说话？（5）构建了怎样的未来？（6）有哪些回应？通过分析一句话语的潜在意义，对每个问题（以及16个小问题）进行了说明。本文有助于为解释性定性研究开发新的“方法”形式。这些方法有助于“人类工具”成为一个敏感的、有理论依据的、可问责的分析者。
