Jankowski Joachim, Westhof Timm, Vaziri Nosratola D, Ingrosso Diego, Perna Alessandra F
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany.
Ruhr-University of Bochum, Marienhospital, Medizinische Klinik I, Herne, Germany.
Semin Nephrol. 2014 Mar;34(2):135-50. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
The field of uremic toxicity comprises the study of a large number of different substances, classified in relation to various characteristics, for example, protein-binding, dimensions, and so forth. The endogenous compounds of a gaseous nature have received much attention lately from the scientific community because of their increasingly recognized importance in health and disease. Among these substances, some are uremic toxins per se, others are related to uremic toxins, or can become toxic under some circumstances. We divided them into two broad categories: organic and inorganic compounds. Among the organic compounds are phenols, indols, 2-methoxyresorcinol, p-hydroxy hippuric acid and phenyl acetic acid, trimethylamine, and dimethylamine; among the inorganic solutes are ammonia, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. In this article, these substances are described in relation to the elements that they affect or by which they are affected in uremia, which are the blood, breath, stools, and the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the effect of the dialysis procedure on exhaled gases are described.
尿毒症毒性领域包括对大量不同物质的研究，这些物质根据各种特性进行分类，例如蛋白质结合、尺寸等等。气态的内源性化合物近来受到科学界的广泛关注，因为它们在健康和疾病中的重要性日益得到认可。在这些物质中，有些本身就是尿毒症毒素，有些与尿毒症毒素相关，或者在某些情况下可能变得有毒。我们将它们分为两大类：有机化合物和无机化合物。有机化合物包括酚类、吲哚类、2-甲氧基间苯二酚、对羟基马尿酸和苯乙酸、三甲胺和二甲胺；无机溶质包括氨、一氧化氮、一氧化碳和硫化氢。在本文中，将根据它们在尿毒症中所影响的或受其影响的元素来描述这些物质，这些元素包括血液、呼吸、粪便和胃肠道。此外，还描述了透析程序对呼出气体的影响。
