Zamora-Ros Raul, Touillaud Marina, Rothwell Joseph A, Romieu Isabelle, Scalbert Augustin
From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):11-26. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.077743. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Much experimental evidence supports a protective role of dietary polyphenols against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. However, results from observational epidemiologic studies are still limited and are often inconsistent. This is largely explained by the difficulties encountered in the estimation of exposure to the polyphenol metabolome, which is composed of ~500 polyphenols distributed across a wide variety of foods and characterized by diverse biological properties. Exposure to the polyphenol metabolome in epidemiologic studies can be assessed by the use of detailed dietary questionnaires or the measurement of biomarkers of polyphenol intake. The questionnaire approach has been greatly facilitated by the use of new databases on polyphenol composition but is limited by bias as a result of self-reporting. The use of polyphenol biomarkers holds much promise for objective estimation of polyphenol exposure in future metabolome-wide association studies. These approaches are reviewed and their advantages and limitations discussed by using examples of epidemiologic studies on polyphenols and cancer. The current improvement in these techniques, along with greater emphasis on the intake of individual polyphenols rather than polyphenols considered collectively, will help unravel the role of these major food bioactive constituents in disease prevention.
大量实验证据支持膳食多酚对心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等慢性疾病具有保护作用。然而，观察性流行病学研究的结果仍然有限，且常常不一致。这在很大程度上是由于在估计多酚代谢组的暴露量时遇到困难，多酚代谢组由约500种多酚组成，分布于多种食物中，具有多种生物学特性。在流行病学研究中，可通过使用详细的膳食问卷或测量多酚摄入量的生物标志物来评估对多酚代谢组的暴露。使用新的多酚成分数据库极大地促进了问卷法，但由于自我报告存在偏差而受到限制。在未来的全代谢组关联研究中，使用多酚生物标志物有望客观地估计多酚暴露量。本文通过多酚与癌症的流行病学研究实例，对这些方法进行了综述，并讨论了它们的优缺点。目前这些技术的改进，以及对个体多酚摄入量而非总多酚摄入量的更多关注，将有助于揭示这些主要食物生物活性成分在疾病预防中的作用。
