Tooley Kristen M, Bock Kathryn
Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Cognition. 2014 Aug;132(2):101-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 May 4.
Structural priming creates structural persistence. That is, differences in experience with syntax can change subsequent language performance, and the changes can be observed in both language production and comprehension. However, the effects in comprehension and production appear to differ. In comprehension, persistence is typically found when the verbs are the same in primes and targets; in production, persistence occurs without verb overlap. The contrast suggests a theoretically important hypothesis: parsing in comprehension is lexically driven while formulation in production is structurally driven. A major weakness in this hypothesis about comprehension-production differences is that its empirical motivation rests on the outcomes of experiments in which the priming manipulations differ, the primed sentence structures differ, and the measures of priming differ. To sharpen the comparison, we examined structural persistence with and without verb overlap in both reading comprehension and spoken production, using the same prime presentation procedure, the same syntactic structures, the same sentences, and the same participants. These methods yielded abstract structural persistence in comprehension as well as production. A measure of the strength of persistence revealed significant effects of priming and verb overlap without significant comprehension-production differences. This argues for uniformity in the structural mechanisms of language processing.
结构启动会产生结构持续性。也就是说，句法体验上的差异会改变后续的语言表现，并且这种改变在语言产出和理解中都能观察到。然而，理解和产出中的效果似乎有所不同。在理解中，当启动项和目标项中的动词相同时，通常会发现持续性；在产出中，持续性在没有动词重叠的情况下也会出现。这种对比提出了一个在理论上很重要的假设：理解中的句法分析是由词汇驱动的，而产出中的表达是由结构驱动的。关于理解与产出差异的这一假设的一个主要弱点在于，其经验依据基于这样一些实验结果，在这些实验中，启动操作不同，启动的句子结构不同，并且启动的测量方式也不同。为了使比较更加精确，我们在阅读理解和口语产出中都考察了有动词重叠和无动词重叠情况下的结构持续性，使用相同的启动呈现程序、相同的句法结构、相同的句子以及相同的参与者。这些方法在理解和产出中都产生了抽象的结构持续性。对持续性强度的一种测量揭示了启动和动词重叠的显著影响，且没有显著的理解与产出差异。这表明语言处理的结构机制具有一致性。
